Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Matter refers to anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter can exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

One of the basic building blocks of matter; an element cannot be broken down by chemical means. Each element has a name and a symbol. There are only 92 naturally occurring elements.

Question 3

Why are elements arranged in a periodic table?

Answer 3

Elements in a column show periodicity, meaning that each column behaves similarly during chemical reactions.

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element. It is the smallest unit to enter into chemical reactions.

Question 5

What subatomic particles help make up an atom?

Answer 5

• Protons - positively charged
• Neutrons - uncharged
• Electrons - negatively charged
Protons and neutrons are located within the nucleus of an atom and electrons move about the nucleus.

Question 6

Proton

Answer 6

Positive subatomic particle, located in the nucleus and having weight or approximately one atomic mass unit

Question 7

Neutron

Answer 7

Neutral subatomic particle, located in the nucleus and having weight of approximately one atomic mass unit

Question 8

Electron

Answer 8

Negative subatomic particle, moving about in an energy level around the nucleus of an atom

Question 9

Electron shell

Answer 9

Average location, or energy level, of an electron in an atom

Question 10

Atomic number

Answer 10

The number of protons within the nucleus of an atom.

Question 11

Mass number

Answer 11

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 12

Atomic Mass

Answer 12

Mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons within the nucleus. It is the average of the atomic mass unit (AMU) for all the isotopes of that atom

Question 13

Isotopes

Answer 13

Atoms with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass due to a different number of neutrons present in the nucleus

Question 14

Radioisotope

Answer 14

An unstable form of an atom that spontaneously emits radiation in the form of radioactive particles or radiant energy.

Question 15

Molecule

Answer 15

Union of two or more atoms of the same element; also, the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of the compound

Question 16

Compound

Answer 16

Substance having two or more different elements united chemically in a fixed ratio

Question 17

What is an Ionic Bond?

Answer 17

Bonding between atoms in which electrons are exchanged to create a stable outer shell (for all atoms?)

Note: atoms with more than one shell are most stable when the outer shell has 8 electrons.

Question 18

Ion

Answer 18

A charged particle that carries a negative or positive charge

Question 19

Covalent Bond

Answer 19

Chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons. The electrons spend part of their time in the outer shell of each atom so that both essentially have a stable outer shell.

Question 20

What 4 main ingredients make up more than 90% human body?

Answer 20

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen

Question 21

What are the two types of bonds between atoms?

Answer 21

• Ionic bond

* Covalent bond