Ch 17 Practice Flashcards
What is the purpose of an episiotomy?
To enlarge the vaginal orifice during child birth
The structure that connects the embryo to the placenta is called the ______ ______.
Umbilical cord
What developments occur during the first 5 years of childhood development?
- Development of gross fine motor skills
- Maturation of senses
- Development of speech
Pre-embryonic period
Egg is fertilized by sperm; zygote begins to divide
Embryonic period
Weeks 2-8; Implantation occurs; nervous system, limb buds, and all other systems are developing
Fetal period
Third - ninth month; organ systems complete development
During animal development the three embryonic ______ layers develop into the different organs and tissues.
Germ
List the events of fertilization:
- Sperm penetrate the corona radiata
- Sperm release acrosomal enzymes
- Sperm binds to oocyte plasma membrane
- Sperm pronucleus forms
- Sperm and egg pronuclei enclosed in nuclear envelope
The study of aging is called ______.
Gerontology
______ is the embedding of the embryo within the lining of the uterus.
Implantation
Fertilization occurs when sperm and the egg unite to form the first cell of a new individual, called the ______.
Zygote
BY the tenth week of embryonic development, the chorion has developed into the ______, which is now secreting hormones that help maintain the pregnancy.
The placenta
The ______ provides the developing embryo/fetus with nourishment and oxygen and takes away its waste.
Placenta
Sperm require lots of energy and this is generated from the mitochondria located within the ______.
Middle piece
Identify the three layers of tissue formed during gastrulation:
- Endoderm (inner layer)
- Mesoderm (middle layer)
- Ectoderm (outer layer)
The events of the first week after fertilization encompass ______.
Pre-embryonic development
The presence of hormones produced by the ______ ______ after implantation prevent menstruation.
Corpus Luteum
By the tenth week of embryonic development, the chorion has developed into the ______, which is now secreting hormones that help maintain the pregnancy.
Placenta
During the ______ process of development cells take on a specific structure and function.
DIfferentiation
The gene on the Y chromosome that induces development of male genetalia is called the ______ gene.
SRY
Growth
During embryonic development, cell division is accompanied by an increase in size of the daughter cells
Morphogenesis
The shaping of the embryo that is evident when certain cells migrate in relation to other cells
Differentiation
When cells take on specific structure and function
Cleavage
The first cell divisions that occur immediately after fertilization
Membranous areas in the skull that permit flexibility for passing through the birth canal and rapid growth of the brain during infancy are called ______.
Fontanels
The middle germ layer of an animal embryo that gives rise to muscle, several internal organs, and connective tissue layers is the:
Mesoderm
During which stage of the birthing process does the cervix dilate?
First stage
Child birth is regulated by a ______ feedback mechanism.
Positive
A pregnancy in which the embryo implants in a location other than the uterus is called a(n) ______ pregnancy.
Ectopic
Progesterone
Relaxation of smooth muscle; reduced uterine motility
Estrogen
Increased uterine flow; increased RAA activity and protein synthesis by the liver
Peptide hormone
Increased insulin resistance
