Ch 18 Homework Flashcards
A karyotype is essentially a picture of the chromosomes found within the nucleus of a cell. These are displayed as numbered ______, arranged by ______.
Pairs, size
A normal karyotype shows 23 sets of chromosomes, 22 of which are ______, and one set are ______.
Autosomes, sex chromosomes
A karyotype can be examined to determine chromosomal ______ such as extra or missing chromosomes.
Abnormality
To obtain this picture, a chemical is used to stop cell ______ such that the chromosomes are condensed and visible with a microscope.
Division
Duplicated chromosomes called ______ chromatids contain the same genes.
Sister
The chromatids remain together until a phase within mitosis, where the ______ splits.
Centromere
They are held together by a region called the ______.
Centromere
At this point, the chromatids separate and two individual ______ chromosomes are fully formed.
Daughter
When a cell needs to divide for growth or ______ it goes through a process called mitosis.
Repair
To prepare for the stages of mitosis and to replicate the DNA, the cell goes through a stage called ______.
Interphase
Once in prophase, the ______ chromosomes are visible.
Duplicated
During metaphase, the chromosomes ______ down the equator of the cell.
Align
In ______, the sister chromatids separate.
Anaphase
Telephase completed the division into ______ identical cells.
Two
When homologous chromosomes fail to ______ correctly during meiosis, nondisjunction occurs.
Separate
Nondisjunction can produce abnormal egg and sperm cells with extra or ______ chromosomes.
Too few
If a normal sperm combines with an egg cell that has an extra chromosome, ______ results and one chromosome is present in three copies.
Trisomy
If an egg is missing a chromosome and is fertilized by a normal sperm, ______ results and one chromosome is only present as a single copy.
Monosomy
Deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations are examples of chromosomal ______.
Mutations
Deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations cause various ______, or groups of symptoms that always occur together.
Syndromes
Deletions occur when part of a chromosome is ______.
Missing
Duplications occur when a chromosomal segment is present more than one on ______ chromosome.
The same
A translocation is movement of a chromosomal segment to a ______ chromosome.
Nonhomologous
Inversion results from a chromosome segment bring turned around ______ degrees.
180
