Ch 1 Quiz Flashcards
Fish have scales that enable them to live in a water environment. This is an example of Development Homeostatis Adaptation Metabolism Cellular organization
Adaptation
The face of a sunflower turns to follow the sun as it moves across the sky. This is an example of Metabolism Homeostatis Response to stimuli Development Reproduction
Response to stimuli
Which of the following statements most correctly defines homeostasis?
• All living organisms are alike.
• Living organisms do not change much over time.
• Human beings
Cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment
IN a swamp, all of the alligators would represent a/an
Population
After studying biology, it is hoped that you
Will be better able to make wise decisions regarding your own well being and the Earth’s
Traditions, beliefs, and values are considered what aspect of human life?
Cultural
Which of he following is not a basic theory of biology? • Theory of ecosystems • Cell theory • Gene theory • Theory of evolution • Theory of gravity
Theory of gravity
An important part of scientific research is repeatability.
True
The process of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called
Evolution
The tentative explanation to be tested is called
A hypothesis
The region in which populations interact with each other and with the physical environment is called
An ecosystem
Which organisms are most closely related to humans? • Meerkats • Earthworms • Spiders • Snakes • Parakeets
Meerkats
______ observations are supported by factual information while ______ observations involve personal judgment.
Objective; Subjective
Which of the following statements would be considered anecdotal data?
“I lost 21 lbs on the Atkins diet.”
If the control group in an experiment shows the same results as the test group, the treatment was successful.
False
A complex individual that consists of organ systems is known as a/an
Organism
Four million years ago, horses were rather small compared to today’s horses and had relatively stocky bodies with a straight shoulder and thick neck. This statement is an example of which biological concept?
Evolution
In a graph, the experimental variable is plotted on the
x axis
The development of resistance of MRSA bacteria to antibiotics is an example of
Evolution
Which of the following statements is a hypothesis?
If a student buys a meal plan he/she will eat more vegetables
The cause of stomach ulcers appears to be
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori
Only humans have a language that allows us to communicate information and experiences symbolically?
True
Which of the following statements is an objective observation? • I like this picture • This mattress feels hard to me • I think I am going to be sick • This milk tastes funny • This package is larger than that one
This package is larger than that one
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that
They are all made of glucose
Isotopes of an element differ due the number of
Neutrons
A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water
True
The monomer unit of protein is
Amino acids
Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells? • Vitamins • Nucleic acids • Lipids • Carbohydrates • Proteins
Vitamins
In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number of
Electrons
Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight
True
What are the properties of water?
- High heat capacity
- High heat of evaporation
- Is a solvent
- Water molecules are cohesive and adhesive
- Frozen water is less dense than liquid water
An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of protein structure?
Secondary
A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H+ as a pH of 6.
False
A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called
A molecule
Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.
True
Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water
Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.
False
Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What happened in the red blood cells?
The cells burst
What type of junctions must there be between cells to form a barrier?
Tight junctions
Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic reticulum • Plasma membrane • Nucleus • Gogli body
Plasma membrane
Which of the following protein fibers is used for cellular movement and are extremely thin in size? • Intermediate filaments • Actin filaments • Microtubules • Cilia • Centrosome
Actin filaments
The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its
Surface area to volume ratio
The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle
True
The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. During practice, the players complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for their complaints was that there was a ______ build up in their muscles.
Lactate
What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
Support
Which structure in the human body will use flagella to move?
Sperm
Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Gogli apparatus? If the Gogli apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then
Vesicles must travel from the Gogli to the cell structure
The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the
Matrix
Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with its false feet or pseudopods. This process is known as
Phagocytosis
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
Synthesize proteins
Which type of tissues make up the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues?
Collagen
With a negative feedback system, the value in question will vary around the set point.
True.
Which of the following is not considered a basic tissue type? • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous • Fat
Fat
The best description for the two components of blood are
Formed elements and plasma
In epithelial tissues, what serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue?
Basement membrane
Which of the following is not involved in body temperature homeostatis?
• Shivering
• Respiration rate
• Constriction or dilation of blood vessels
• Secretion of sweat glands
• The hypothalamus
Respiration rate
Which of the follwing is responsible for the waterproofing of skin? • Sweat • Keratin • Mucus • Wax • Hyaline cartilage
Keratin
Carla is having problems with infections. Which body system is failing?
Immune system
If temperature were controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, the body’s temperature would continue to rise.
True
The cardiovascular system is limited to just the heart and blood.
False
What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue?
Loose fibrous and dense fibrous
The “lub” sound of the “lub-dup” heart beat is due to what?
The closing of the AV valves
What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood form the arteriole to the venule?
Precapillary sphincter
What is a stent?
A cylinder of expandable metal mesh
Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?
It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
Generally, there are no symptoms of hypertension.
True
What is the function of valves in the veins?
To prevent the backward flow of blood
The innermost layer of an artery is known as what?
Endothelium
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
Atria
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit?
Right ventricle
If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries?
Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues
During open heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the ______.
Pericardium
What happen to the excess fluid that leaves the capillaries at the venous end?
The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries
A blood pressure of 90/40 is considered normal.
False
Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center?
Medulla oblongata
If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating?
70 beats per minute
When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to?
Roads
Excess tissue fluid becomes lymphatic fluid that eventually enters the blood stream.
True
Which of the following is not a characteristic of infectious mononucleosis?
• The virus remains within a person
• It is caused by an Epstein-Barr virus
• Active EBV can be passed in saliva
• There is uncontrolled white blood cell production
• Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands
There is uncontrolled white blood cell production
What do type A positive and AB negative blood have in common?
A antigens
How many globin chains are found in hemoglobin?
4
White blood cells are like red blood cells in that they only live for a matter of days.
False
How does the muscular system benefit the blood?
It keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels
Jeremy has type O negative blood. What type blood could he receive in a transfusion?
O negative only
Coagulation contributes to homeostatis by
Keeping the blood within the vessels
The two major components of blood are
Formed elements and plasma
Robby has type B positive blood. His blood will contain
B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies
Which of the following substances is not considered part of blood plasma?
Red blood cells
If mom has already developed any-Rh antibodies during her first pregnancy, a RhoGAM shot will not help her second pregnancy.
True
Hormones produced by the endocrine system regulate blood volume and blood cell formation.
True
If a person does not have enough iron in their diet, they may suffer from
Anemia
The most abundant component of plasma is water.
True
An individual who is blood type O will have antibodies against type A and B antigens, regardless of whether the have had a blood transfusion or not.
True
Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas? • Trypsin • Lipase • Amylase • Sodium bicardonate • Bile
Bile
Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet?
Brain cells require glucose
The dentist explained that dental cavities are caused by
Bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar
Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called
Sphincters
The fleshly extension of the soft palate is known as the
Uvula
What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine?
Produce vitamin B
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
• To ingest food
• To digest food into small nutrients so hat the molecules can pass through membranes
• to absorb nutrient molecules
• To eliminate indigestible remains
• To protect against pathogens
To protect against pathogens
The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as
Lacteals
Which of the following is not associated with the stomach? • Alcohol absorption • Gastric glands • Rugae • Duodenum • Pepsin
Duodenum
According to the BMI chart, a healthy BMI is in the range of
18.5 to 24.9
Which accessory organ of the digestive system will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification?
Liver
The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system as well as by digestive hormones.
True
About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are
Young women
Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to ______.
Cardiovascular disease
Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is incorrect? • Lipase-fat • Pepsin-protein • Trypsin-carbohydrates • Nuclease-DNA • Amylase-starch
Trypsin-carbohydrates
What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
The amount of air that moves in and out with each breath is called the
Tidal volume
Which structure is not part of the inspiration process?
All are part of the process: Bronchioles Trachea Larynx Lungs
Which structure is the initial entry way for air to enter the respiratory system?
The nose
Where is the respiratory control center located?
In the brain
Most of the carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma as
Bicarbonate ion
The epiglottis is the slit between the vocal chords
False
What separates the lungs from the thoracic cavity?
Pleura
“Strep throat” is caused by what type of infecting organism?
Bacteria
During respiration, which structure connects the larynx to the bronchiole tree?
Trachea
Chemoreceptors for blood pH are located in the brain stem and the lungs.
False
Which part of the lower respiratory tract is intimately in contact with the cardiovascular system?
Lungs
The respiratory system is responsible for
Oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body
Which of the following is not a part of inspiration?
• Air rushes into the lungs
• The rib cage moves up and out
• The intercostal muscles pull the robs outward
• The diaphragm contracts and moves down
• The pressure in the lungs increases
The pressure in the lungs increases
During respiration, what is the additional amount of air that can be exhaled from the lungs during an extra deep exhalation? This volume is usually around 1,400 mL.
Expiratory reserve volume
Which of these lower respiratory diseases should be treated with antibiotics? • Pulmonary fibrosis • Pulmonary tuberculosis • Lung cancer • Asthma • Emphysema
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Kidneys are organs of homeostasis because they
- Help maintain the correct concentration of salts in the blood
- Regulate the blood volume
- Regulate the pH of the blood
- Excrete nitrogenous wastes
Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate?
Glomerular blood pressure
What part of the kidney is the central space that leads to the ureter?
Renal pelvis
Which of the following is not a metabolic waste product? • Creatinine • Uric acid • Urea • Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin
Which of these contains urine? • Intestine • Gallbladder • Uterus • Urethra
Urethra
What is the normal pH of the blood?
Slightly basic
Which of the following is not part of a nephron? • Loop of Henle • Ureter • Glomerular capsule • Proximal convoluted tubule • Collecting duct
Ureter
How many openings (inputs and outputs) are there in the urinary bladder?
three
Which substance is removed from the blood during tubular secretion?
H+
Place the parts of the nephron in order of how filtration would occur:
- Glomerulus
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Descending limb of loop
- Ascending limb of loop
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes, including urea, a by-product of glucose metabolism.
False
What are the two ways substances are removed from the blood and added to the forming urine?
Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
What hormone is secreted by the kidneys when blood oxygen drops, targets bone marrow, and triggers production of red blood cells?
Erythropoietin
Which of the following is not a region of the kidney? • Hypothalamus • Cortex • Pelvis • Medulla • Collectig ducts
Hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone acts directly on the colelcting duct to ______ water and make the urine ______ concentrated.
Reabsorb, more
Choose which components are found in glomerular filtration. • Water • Large proteins • Blood cells • Ions • Small molecules
Water
Ions
Small molecules
Which of these is a function of the skeleton?
• Houses tissue involved in the production of red blood cells
• Support
• Protection
• All of the above
All of the above
The shoulder joint is an example of a ______ joint.
Ball and socket
Synovial
Freely movable
What type of cartilage is found at the ends of the long bones?
Hyaline cartilage
How long does the bony callus in a bone repair last?
3-4 months
Which of the following is not associated with a synovial joint? • Ligaments • Menisci • Fibrous capsule • Bursae • Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage
Which joint action allows for the body part to move towards the midline?
Adduction
Bone-building cells are ______; mature bone cells are ______.
Osteoblasts; Osteocytes
Fluid-filled sacs within synovial joints are called
Bursae
Which of the following is not a type of joint? • Synovial • Trochanter • Fibrous • Suture • Cartilaginous
Trochanter
Endochondral ossification involves
A cartilaginous model
Long bones
An epiphyseal plate
