Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is a paradigm?
A set of ideas or assumptions to work with as a base
Not yet set in psychology
What are the three elements of psychology?
- The why
- The how
- The what
What does ‘the why’ refer to in psychology?
Evolution, environment, culture, etc.
What does ‘the how’ refer to in psychology?
Cognitions, behaviour, subconscious
What does ‘the what’ refer to in psychology?
Sensations, emotions, thoughts, perceptions, actions, etc.
What perspective is psychology currently in?
Integrative perspective
What does biological psychology focus on?
Understanding how the brain functions to understand why we react the way we do
What is the limbic system often referred to as?
Lizard brain
What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?
Higher level cognition and expressive language
What is the role of the occipital lobe?
Interpreting visual stimuli
What does the parietal lobe process?
Sensory information like pressure, touch, pain
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Interpreting auditory information
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
- Peripheral
- Central
What does psychodynamic psychology focus on?
Unconscious influences on behavior
What are the three levels of consciousness in psychodynamic psychology?
- Id
- Superego
- Ego
What does the id represent?
Unconscious thoughts and instinctive needs
What is the superego associated with?
Morality and delayed gratification
What is the ego’s role?
Balancing desires and reality
What are the two types of dream content?
- Latent content
- Manifest content
What does threat-simulation theory propose about dreams?
Dreams allow practice for real-life responses
What is the focus of developmental psychologists regarding consciousness?
Consciousness as a developmental process
Who proposed the concept of archetypes?
Carl Jung
What is active imagination in Jungian psychology?
Tapping into the unconscious meaning and symbols
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A motivational theory outlining human needs
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through pairing stimuli, exemplified by Pavlov’s dog
What is the law of effect in Thorndike’s theory?
Associations followed by satisfaction are strengthened
What is operant conditioning?
learning based on associations and consequences
often to environmnetal stimuli
What is a Skinner box used to demonstrate?
Operant conditioning through reinforcement
What does humanistic psychology emphasize?
The self-determining capacity of humans
What is the ABCDE model in humanistic psychology?
- Adversity
- Belief
- Consequence
- Disputation
- Energized
What is the theory of flow?
A state of optimal performance with specific conditions
What is cognitive psychology concerned with?
The study of mental processes
What does evolutionary psychology focus on?
Emotional connections shaped by natural selection
Fill in the blank: Dreams are a place to discharge _______ that haven’t been expressed.
emotions
True or False: Behaviourist psychology focuses on observable behaviour.
True
