Chapter 18 Flashcards
what is a psychological assessment and why is it helpful
An evaluation of the patients psychological and mental health including personality or projective tests and an interview
Used to make a formal diagnosis using the DSM
what is psychotherapy and it’s goal
Uses techniques that encourage communication of conflicts and insight
The goal is for the patient to talk about their personal concerns and anxieties
what is psychodynamic therapy want
Allow the therapist to understand the underlying unconscious problems
3 techniques of psychodynamic therapy
free association, dream analysis, and interpretation
what is free association
Therapist listens while the client talks about whatever comes to mind
what is dream analysis
Analyze the symbolism of the patients dreams to interpret unconscious thoughts
what is interpretation
Therapist uses the patient’s expressed thoughts to try to understand the underlying unconscious problems
what is the main goal of psychodynamic psychology
help patient develop insight into themselves/their disorders
what is transference in therapy
When the patient unconsciously redirects feelings experienced in an important personal relationship towards the therapist (love for example)
what are humanistic therapies based on
Based on the personality theories and the idea that people develop psychological problems when they are burdened by limits and expectations placed on them and Emphasizes the persons capacity for self-realization and fulfillment
what is person centered therapy in humanistic psychology
Client is helped to grow and develop as the therapist provides a comfortable nonjudgmental environment
what is the therapeutic alliance
the Relationship between the client and therapist when the therapist is, Genuine, Treats them with unconditional positive regard (might not agree with what they do but shows support), Develops empathy with client
what is cognitive behavioral therapy and what is it based on
Attempts to reduce psychological disorders through systematic procedures based on cognitive and behavioral principles
Based on relationship between our thoughts, feelings and behaviors
what is the goal of CBT
The goal is to stop the negative cycle by intervening to change cognitions of behaviors
Problem-solving and action orientated
what is behavior therapy
Based on principle of learning
Using conditioning, rewards and punishment, reinforcement and observational learning
what is exposure therapy
Uses CBT to reduce negative affective responses to the stimulus
A behavioural therapy based on the classical conditioning principle of extinction
what are techniques of exposure therapy
flooding and systematic desensitization
what is flooding
Client exposed to the source of his fear all at once
Client habituates
what is systematic desensitization
Combines imagining or experiencing the feared object or situation with relaxation exercises
Create a hierarchy of fears and work up to the biggest one
true or false: flooding is the most effective form of exposure therapy
false, it is systematic desensitization
what is counterconditioning in exposure therapy
when a second incompatible response is conditioned to an already conditioned response
what is aversion therapy
when a Positive punishment is used to reduce undesirable behavior
(Unpleasant stimulus paired with a harmful or socially unacceptable behavior)
what is cognitive therapy
Helps clients identify incorrect or distorted beliefs that are contributing to the disorder
Based on the idea that changing thoughts will change emotions and the new emotions influence behavior
what is eclectic therapy
An approach to treatment in which the therapist uses whichever technique seems most useful and relevant for each patient
what are biomedical therapies
Reduce psychological disorders by influencing the central nervous system
what is necessary for ones mental health and how does medication help
Appropriate balance of neurotransmitters in the brain Medication influences the production and reuptake of neurotransmitters
what are stimulants commonly used to treat
ADHD using psychostimulants and CBT
what do antidepressant medications do
designed to improve moods by Influencing the production and reuptake of neurotransmitters related to emotion (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine)
what do antianxiety medication do and what are they called
Increase the action of GABA
Inhibits fight or flight creating a calming experience
benzodiazepines
downside of benzodiazepines
have major side affects, addictive, and dangerous when mixed with alcohol
what do antipsychotic medications treat and how
Treat symptoms of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (positive or all symptoms)
Treat positive symptoms by reducing dopamine and improve negative symptoms by influencing levels of serotonin
what is TMS and how does it work
transcranial magnetic stimulation works to Activates neural circuits in the prefrontal cortex which is less active in those with depression
what is psychosurgery
Removes or destroys brain tissue in the hope of improving a disorder
when is psychosurgery used
Only used in the most severe cases and when everything else ahs been tried and in a more limited nature (cingulotomy)
what is group therapy
Psychotherapy in which clients receive psychological treatment together with others
why is group therapy good
Provides a safe place where people can come together and share problems or concerns to better understand their own situations and to learn from each other (environment of like individuals with similar goals)
Found to be more effective than individual therapy
what is couples therapy
Two people who live together, married, or dating meet with a practitioner to discuss their concerns and issues about their relationship
what is family therapy
involves families meeting together with a therapist
Based on the assumption that the problem is the result of an interaction among the people in the family
what is a self-help group
A voluntary association of people who share a common desire to overcome psychological disorder or improve their well being
what is are community mental health services and it’s goals
Psychological treatments and interventions that are distributed at the community level Goal is to establish programs that will help people get the mental services needed (prevention)
what are levels of community mental health services
primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention
what is primary prevention
All members of the community receive the treatment
what is secondary prevention
Focuses on people with risk factors that make it more likely an individual will develop a disorder
what is tertiary prevention
Treatment that focuses on people who are already diagnosed with a disorder
