Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the scientific study of the mind called?
Psychology
Psych is short for psychology.
What is the process of collecting and organizing data and drawing conclusions about that data?
Empirical methods
Empirical methods involve observation and experimentation.
What is a set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research?
Scientific methods
Scientific methods guide the research process.
What are personal statements known as?
Values
Values reflect individual beliefs and priorities.
What are objective statements determined to be accurate through empirical study called?
Facts
Facts are verified through observation and evidence.
What level of explanation in psychology includes biological influences?
Lower
This level examines genes, neurons, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
Which level of explanation relates to the abilities and characteristics of the individual?
Middle
This level focuses on individual traits and skills.
What level of explanation relates to social groups, organizations, and cultures?
Higher
This level examines broader social influences.
True or False: People respond the same way in different situations.
False
People can respond differently depending on the context.
What concept refers to the idea that all behaviors are produced by many factors that are not independent of one another?
Multiply determined
This concept highlights the complexity of human behavior.
What is the principle that states the mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body?
Dualism
This principle was proposed by Descartes.
Who is considered the founder of the first psychology lab in Germany?
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt is often referred to as the father of experimental psychology.
What school of psychology aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience?
Structuralism
Structuralism used introspection to explore consciousness.
What approach applies Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior?
Functionalism
Functionalism emphasizes the purpose of mental processes.
What is the term for the extent that a given characteristic helps an individual survive and reproduce?
Fitness
Fitness is a key concept in evolutionary psychology.
What psychological approach focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories?
Psychodynamic
This approach includes techniques like psychoanalysis.
What psychological school limits attention to the study of behavior itself?
Behaviourism
Behaviourism emphasizes observable actions over internal processes.
What does the cognitive school of psychology study?
Mental processes
This includes perception, thinking, memory, and judgment.
What influences thinking and behavior according to the social-cultural approach?
Social situations and cultures
This approach examines how societal norms impact individuals.
Fill in the blank: _______ are shared by group members and perceived as appropriate.
Social norms
Social norms guide behavior in groups.
What type of culture values interdependence and focuses on developing harmonious social relationships?
Collectivism
Collectivist cultures prioritize group goals over individual desires.
What type of culture values the self and independence from others?
Individualist
Individualist cultures emphasize personal achievement.
