Chapter 11 Flashcards
what is the affect
teh experience or feeling of emotion
what is an emotion
a mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides behaviour
what is a motivation
a driving force that initiates and directs behaviour
can be basic, personal, or social
what are the main basic emotions
anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, suprise
these are generally the same across all cultures
what area of the brain are emotions determined by
the limbic system, oldest part of the brain
what are the three theories of emotions
Cannon-Bard theory, James-Lange theory, two-factor theory
what is the Cannon-Bard theory
the experience of emotions is accompanied (at the same time) by physiological arousal
ex: emotions occur at the same time as a racing heart
what is the James-Lange theory
the experience of emotion is the RESULT of the arousal that we experience
ex: we feel afraid because our heart is racing
what is the two-factor theory
the experience of emotion is determined by the intensity of the arousal we experience, but the cognitive examining of the situation determines the emotion
we have certain emotions based on interpretations
what is the misattribution of arousal
tendency to incorrectly label the source of the arousal they are experiencing
what is excitation transfer
phenomenon that occurs when people who are already experiencing arousal from one event to experience unrelated emotions strongly
ex: feeling so excited by something that you become overly aggressive/angry
what is the facial feedback hypothesis
theory that the movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions
ex: smiling can make one feel happy
3 functions of emotions
interpesonal, intrapersonal, social and cultural
function and role of intrapersonal emotions
role that emotions play within each individual
helps us act with minimal conscious awareness, prparation of immediate action, influences thoughts, motivated future behaviors
function and role of interpersonal emotions
role that emotions play between individuals in a group
facilitate specific behaviors in perceivers and signal the nature of interpersonal relationships
role and function of social and cultural emotions
role that emotions play in maintenance of social orde within a society
how does culture affect emotions
inform us as to what to do with our emotions based on how to manage or modify them in social circumstances
“big boys don’t cry”
what is optimism
a general tendency to expect positive outcomes
affects of optimism
happier and less stress
what is self-efficacy
a belief in our ability to cary out actions that produce desired outcomes
benefits of self-efficacy
people with high self-efficacy respond to stress constructively
what is the most important variable that influences happiness
perception of social support
having positive social relationships
direct effect of social support
having people we trust directly helps us by allowing us to share favours when neede
appreciation effect of social support
having people around makes us feel good about ourselves
why don’t people know what will make them happy
our ability to predict future emotional states is not accurate
why can’t we predict our future happiness
we have coping skills helping us with negative events making us feel better
people/experiences are not always positive or negative, they fluctuate
we make social comparisons as we achieve our goals/status changes (we always want more)
what are drive states
something you feel that motivates someone to fulfill goals that are beneficial to their survival or reproduction
how are drive states unique from emotional states
they generate behaviors that result in specific benefitsfor the body (hungry, eat food)
what is homeostasis
the tendency of an organism to maintain stability across the different physiological systems in the body
how is homeostasis maintained
the set point and mechanisms moving the system back to the set point
what is the set point in homeostasis
the ideal level in which the state of the system being regulated is monitered and comapred to
what are goals
our mental idea of how we’d like things to turn out
what underlies goals
motivations
what is intrinsic motivations
benefits associated with the process of achieving a goal instead of the outcome
what are extrinsic motivations
come from the benefits associated with achieving a goal, the outcome
how can goals be primed (activated) or motivated
cues in immediate environment, personal characteristics, and situation factors
what is self-regulation
the process through which individuals alter hteir perceptions, feelings, and actions in the pursuit of a goal
types of self-regulatory orientations (focus)
prevention focus and promotion focus
what is prevention focus
emphasis on safety, responsibility, and security needs
something you do to avoid potential future problems
what is promotion focus
viewing goals as idelas, emphasizing hopes, accomplishments, and advancement needs
something they do beacuse they want to, brings added pleasure
what is self-control
capacity to contorl impulses, emotions, desires, and actions in order to resist temptation and protect a valued goal
what is the process of self-regulation
trading off between long-term interests and immediate gratification
what is ego-depletion
exhaustion of resources from resisting a tempation
drained self-control that is required to continue prusiong a goal
