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PSYC 2360 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent signals

A

arriving to the brain (sensory)

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2
Q

efferent signals

A

exiting the brain (motor)

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3
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

controls conscious movement

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4
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls automatic functions like breathing and organ function

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5
Q

enteric nervous system

A
  • part of ANS
  • Digestion
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6
Q

What nerve is most involved in the enteric nervous system

A

vagus nerve

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7
Q

what emotions effect the enteric nervous system

A

stress and anxiety

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8
Q

which nervous system mediates behaviour

A

CNS

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9
Q

which nervous system transmits sensations and produces movement

A

SNS

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10
Q

which nervous system balances internal function

A

ANS

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11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A
  • part of ANS
  • arousing
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12
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • part of ANS
  • calming
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13
Q

which nervous system releases cortisol during stressful situations?

A

Sympathetic

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14
Q

What two areas to the sympathetic nerves originate from

A

Thoracic and Lumbar spinal regions

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15
Q

What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

increased HR, dilated pupils, glucose release, etc.

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16
Q

what effects occur from parasympathetic nervous system activation?

A
  • facial nerve contracts pupils and stimulates saliva secretion
  • vagus nerves slow HR, increase digestion, dilates vessels
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17
Q

What is the role of cranial nerves

A

responsible for all afferent signals of incoming stimuli

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18
Q

What are transmits sensory signals to the brain and sensory signals to extremities

A

spinal cord

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19
Q

spinal reflexes

A

reflexes that don’t require thinking for response to occur, only passes through spinal cord

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20
Q

what connects the two cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

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21
Q

what are the meninges in order from deep to superficial

A
  • pia mater (thin)
  • Arachnoid membrane
  • dura mater (tough)
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22
Q

what is inside the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

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23
Q

Choroid plexus

A

cluster of capillaries that produce CSF in the ventricles

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24
Q

hydrocephalus

A

overproduction of CSF causing inflammation in the brain

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25
Q

What are the little channels in the brain that absorb CSF?

A

Sinuses

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26
Q

What are the larger spaces in the brain that hold CSF

A

Ventricles

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27
Q

what are the two purposes of CSF

A
  • protects brain
  • removes waste as absorbed into bloodstream
28
Q

What happens if blood and CSF mix?

A

hemorrhagic stroke - mix kills brain cells

29
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

cells die due to lack of oxygen from lack of blood flow to area of brain

30
Q

Histological brain study

A

postmortem brain slices to measure neuronal loss

31
Q

CT scan

A
  • computerized tomography
  • x-ray passed through brain at different angle
  • good ore tumors and hemorrhages
32
Q

MRI

A

good for showing details of nervous tissue and differentiated cells

33
Q

DTI

A
  • Diffusion Tensor imaging
  • detects movement of water molecules to show nerve fiber pathways
34
Q

PET scan

A
  • shows regional blood flow (via glucose), identifying active areas of the brain
  • invasive, requires ingestion
35
Q

fMRI

A

tracks oxygen flow while person carries out a task

36
Q

near-infrared spectroscopy

A

non-invasive way of tracking blood flow in the brain, used in babies. shallow view of brain

37
Q

Phrenology

A

brought forth the idea that there were different locations of the brain that were responsible for different things (personality)

38
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory, language, memory, taste, smell

39
Q

frontal lobe roles

A

planning, organization, impulse and motor control

40
Q

which lobe is associated with executive function

A

frontal lobe

41
Q

After a car accident, John is confused, rude and says impulsive things. What area of the brain is likely damaged?

A

frontal lobe

42
Q

parietal lobe

A

touch and spatial awareness (unconscious)

43
Q

Mandy recently had a stroke and now struggles to do basic things she used to know, like using a fork and knife or tying her shoes. What area of her brain was likely damaged?

A

Parietal lobe

44
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual processing

45
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates motor movements and has an effect on speech

46
Q

what area of the brain is responsible for complex behaviours?

A

forebrain (cerebral cortex)

47
Q

what area of the brain is responsible for basic survival-based behaviours like sleeping and breathing?

A

midbrain and brainstem

48
Q

Name the regions of the brainstem from dorsal to ventral

A
  • diencephalon
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
49
Q

which part of the hindbrain controls heartrate and breathing

A

medulla (ventral)

50
Q

What area of the hindbrain control sleep and waking up

A

pons and reticular formation

51
Q

T/F relative size of cerebellum is the same across animals

A

F - bigger = more complicated movement

52
Q

What part of the midbrain allows you to control motor movements?

A

Substantia Nigra

53
Q

What part of the midbrain moderates pain signals and sensation

A

Periaqueductal gray matter (PGM)

54
Q

Which area of the midbrain is affected in Parkinsons disease

A

Substantia Nigra

55
Q

What part of the midbrain receives and reflexively responds to visual input?

A

Superior colliculus of the tectum

56
Q

What area of the midbrain receives auditory input that allows you to locate sounds

A

the inferior colliculus of the tectum

57
Q

What area of the diencephalon is the sensory hub

A

Thalamus

58
Q

What sensory signal does not travel through the thalamus

A

smell

59
Q

what part of the diencephalon is responsible for the release of hormones

A

hypothalamus

60
Q

basal ganglia

A

helps coordinate motor movement and force of movement

61
Q

amygdala

A

allows identification of emotions and emotional expression

62
Q

hippocampus

A

formation and storage of long term memories

63
Q

what part of the brain forms the walls of the ventricles

A

basal ganglia

64
Q

t/f Bigger brain size always means more neurons

A

false

65
Q

T/F Higher neuron density in the brain = more connections and thus higher intelligence

A

T

PSYC 2360 (9 decks)

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