Chapeter 11 Flashcards
T/F
- motor pathways are dynamic
- movements are more like sequences than isolated occurrences
- The frontal lobe makes sense of sensory information about forces
True, true, false - frontal plans and initiates movement, basal ganglia judge force
prefrontal cortex
plans movements
premotor cortex
organizes motor sequences
motor cortex
sends motor commands to PNS
T/F There are practical maps of our bodies on the motor and sensory cortex, where bigger body parts take up more space
false - areas requiring finer control/sensitivity take up more space
The sensory information from the left toe will be processed in the _________ of the ________ hemisphere
sensory cortex of the right hemisphere
What part of the brain is involved in the consulting loop during movement
Basal ganglia
Caudate and Putamen
involved in muscle memory of repeated movement
Globus Pallidus
responsible for volume control (force of action)
What are of the brain is related to OCD
basal ganglia
What are the symptoms of parkinsons (kinetic)
Hyperkinetic (unwanted movement) and hypokinetic (issues initiating movemet)
In parkinson’s, there is a loss of _________ in the _________ of the brain
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
What neurotoxin is shown to kill dopaminergic neurons in the substania nigra
MPTP
Cerebellum
responsible for timing and flow of movement sequence + accuracy and error correction
Corticospinal tracts
send motor signals from brain to PNS
Spinocerebellar tract
sends sensory information to the cerebellum for movement correction
Axons of upper motor neuron descend to the brainstem via ________
the internal capsule
corticobulbar tract
carries motor information to head and neck
where does the corticobulbar tract synapse
with cranial nerves in the brainstem
corticospinal tract
carries motor information to lower motor neurons to control body movement
what important structures does the internal capsule pass by in the brain
basal ganglia (force control) and the thalamus (signal organization)
Merkel receptors
fine sensations in the fingertips
Ruffini corpuscles
stretch and pressure in deeper skin and joints
Pacinian corpuscles
deep vibration and pressure, not engaged by light touch
nociceptors
free nerve endings that create sensation of pain
exteroceptive sense
directly touching skin
proprioception
awareness of location and position of limbs
interoceptive sense
sensation of internal organs, less consciously (like BP)
What test can show sensitivity of a certain area on the skin?
Two-point threshold
A lower two-point threshold means what?
higher sensitivity and higher density of merkel receptors
CT mechanoreceptors
pleasurable touch in areas with fine hair
posterior spinothalamic tract
carries general sensations from spinal cord to thalamus and sensory cortex
anterior spinothalamic tract
carries sensations of pain, crossing to opposite side in the spinal cord
medial lemniscus
region in the brainstem where the posterior ST joins the anterior ST before travelling to thalamus
Pain gate theory
theory that pain is dependent on gate control - where gate closed through other mechanoreceptor stimulation and central control (your mind)
PAG
Area of descending analgesic pathway where pain inhibiting neurons arise
What drug receptors are found along the descending analgesic pathway
Opioid receptors
