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A&P II > Chapter 19: REspiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 19: REspiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of Upper respiratory tract?

A 
Nose
Nasal Cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
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2
Q

Parts of lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Lungs

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3
Q

Pharynx location

A

space posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx

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4
Q

3 portions of pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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5
Q

The larynx moves air

A

in and out of the trachea

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6
Q

larynx houses the

A

vocal cords

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7
Q

three cartilages in larynx?

A

Thyroid: Largest cartilage
Cricoid ; below thyroid cartilage
Epiglottic: part of flap like epiglottic

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8
Q

description about false vocal cords

A

upper folds

no sound production

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9
Q

description about true vocal cords

A

lower folds
vocal sounds
opening between them

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10
Q

Path of the Bronchial Tree

A 
Right and Left Primary Bronchi
Secondary or Lobar Bronchi
Tertiary or Segmental Bronchi
Intralobular Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveolar Sacs
Alveoli
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11
Q

Lobes in right and left lungs?

A

3/2

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12
Q

What is the hilum?

A

REgion on medial surface of each lung through which bronchus and large blood vessels enter

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13
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

Inner layer of serous membrane, attaches to surfface of lung

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14
Q

What is the parietal pleura

A

outer layer of seorus membrane, lines thoracic cavity

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15
Q

What is the pleural cavity

A

potential space between visceral and parietal pleura

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16
Q

What is the force that moves air into the lungs?

A

Atmospheric pressure

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17
Q

When respiratory muscles are at rest, how are atmospheric and alveolar pressure?

A

Equal

18
Q

If presure inside the alveoli decreases, atmospheric pressure pushes ir

A

into the airwasy

phrenic nerves stimulate the diaphargm to contract forward

19
Q

Atmospheric pressure intra-aovelar 1 m hG above atmopsheric means

A

air will be forced out of the lungs

20
Q

What is Spirometry?

A

Different degrees of effiort in breathing more different volumes of ir in and out of lungs

21
Q

What are the 3 respiratory volumes

A

Tidal volume, inspiratiory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume

22
Q

What is anatomic dead space?

A

Air inrespiratory tract that remains in conduction structures adn does not reach alveoli

23
Q

What is alveolar dead space

A

air in respiratory tract that reaches nonfunction alveoli

24
Q

what is whysiologic dead space

A

total of anatomical and aveolar dead space

25
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

Progresive, degenerative disease in which alveolar walls are destroyed

26
Q

What controls breathing?

A

Groups of neurons in the brainstem

27
Q

MAinrespiratory areas?

A

Medullary Respiratory Center

Pontine REspiratory Groups

28
Q

Basic rhythm of breathing is derived form the

A

ventral respiratory group

29
Q

Dorsal respiratory group stimulates muscles of

A

inspiration

30
Q

Pontine respiratory group limits during of

A

each inspiration

31
Q

What are central chemocreceptors

A

In ventral part of medulla oblongata

Mainly monitor pH in the brain

32
Q

What are peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

Mainly sense changes in blood o2

33
Q

What is Inflation Reflex?

A

Helps regulate depth of breathing. This prevents overinflation of the lungs during forced breathing

34
Q

Most of the wall of an alveolus consists of a layer of

A

simple squamous epithelium

35
Q

Gas exchange between alveolar air and the blood occurs through the

A

respiratory membrane

36
Q

What is Pneumonia?

A

Infection of the lungs, which alveoli swell due to edema

37
Q

What is Tuberculosis?

A

Bacterial lung infection in which dense connective tissue “tubercles” form around infection sites . Lungtissue is destroyed

38
Q

What is Atelectasis?

A

Blood vessels collapse along with lung

39
Q

What is Acute REspiratory Distress Syndrome?

A

Form of acetlectasis, in which alveoli collapse

40
Q

Partial pressure differences cause oxygen to

A

diffuse rom an alveolus into the blood

41
Q

What is the Chloride shift?

A

As negative charged bicarbonate ions diffuse out of RBCs, chloride ions from plasma diffuse into the cells. This maintains the electrial cahrge in RBCs

A&P II (10 decks)

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