Chapter 19: REspiratory System Flashcards
Parts of Upper respiratory tract?
Nose Nasal Cavity Sinuses Pharynx Larynx
Parts of lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Lungs
Pharynx location
space posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx
3 portions of pharynx?
Nasopharynx
oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
The larynx moves air
in and out of the trachea
larynx houses the
vocal cords
three cartilages in larynx?
Thyroid: Largest cartilage
Cricoid ; below thyroid cartilage
Epiglottic: part of flap like epiglottic
description about false vocal cords
upper folds
no sound production
description about true vocal cords
lower folds
vocal sounds
opening between them
Path of the Bronchial Tree
Right and Left Primary Bronchi Secondary or Lobar Bronchi Tertiary or Segmental Bronchi Intralobular Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles Alveolar Ducts Alveolar Sacs Alveoli
Lobes in right and left lungs?
3/2
What is the hilum?
REgion on medial surface of each lung through which bronchus and large blood vessels enter
What is the visceral pleura?
Inner layer of serous membrane, attaches to surfface of lung
What is the parietal pleura
outer layer of seorus membrane, lines thoracic cavity
What is the pleural cavity
potential space between visceral and parietal pleura
What is the force that moves air into the lungs?
Atmospheric pressure
When respiratory muscles are at rest, how are atmospheric and alveolar pressure?
Equal
If presure inside the alveoli decreases, atmospheric pressure pushes ir
into the airwasy
phrenic nerves stimulate the diaphargm to contract forward
Atmospheric pressure intra-aovelar 1 m hG above atmopsheric means
air will be forced out of the lungs
What is Spirometry?
Different degrees of effiort in breathing more different volumes of ir in and out of lungs
What are the 3 respiratory volumes
Tidal volume, inspiratiory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
What is anatomic dead space?
Air inrespiratory tract that remains in conduction structures adn does not reach alveoli
What is alveolar dead space
air in respiratory tract that reaches nonfunction alveoli
what is whysiologic dead space
total of anatomical and aveolar dead space
What is Emphysema?
Progresive, degenerative disease in which alveolar walls are destroyed
What controls breathing?
Groups of neurons in the brainstem
MAinrespiratory areas?
Medullary Respiratory Center
Pontine REspiratory Groups
Basic rhythm of breathing is derived form the
ventral respiratory group
Dorsal respiratory group stimulates muscles of
inspiration
Pontine respiratory group limits during of
each inspiration
What are central chemocreceptors
In ventral part of medulla oblongata
Mainly monitor pH in the brain
What are peripheral chemoreceptors?
Mainly sense changes in blood o2
What is Inflation Reflex?
Helps regulate depth of breathing. This prevents overinflation of the lungs during forced breathing
Most of the wall of an alveolus consists of a layer of
simple squamous epithelium
Gas exchange between alveolar air and the blood occurs through the
respiratory membrane
What is Pneumonia?
Infection of the lungs, which alveoli swell due to edema
What is Tuberculosis?
Bacterial lung infection in which dense connective tissue “tubercles” form around infection sites . Lungtissue is destroyed
What is Atelectasis?
Blood vessels collapse along with lung
What is Acute REspiratory Distress Syndrome?
Form of acetlectasis, in which alveoli collapse
Partial pressure differences cause oxygen to
diffuse rom an alveolus into the blood
What is the Chloride shift?
As negative charged bicarbonate ions diffuse out of RBCs, chloride ions from plasma diffuse into the cells. This maintains the electrial cahrge in RBCs
