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A&P II > Chapter 15 PPT: The Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 15 PPT: The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

HEart Pumps Blood through the blood vessels in what order

A 
Arteries
Arterioles
Capilalries
Venules
Veins
Back To Heart
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2
Q

Cardiovascular refers to both

A

heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

Blood vessels form what two circuits

A

Pulmonary Circuit

Systemic Circuit

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4
Q

What is the Pulmonary Circuit

A

Transports oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs and back to heard

Blood picks up O2 in lungs and drops off CO2

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5
Q

What is the Systemic Circuit

A

Transports oxygen-rich blood from heart to all body cells, and back to heart

Blood delivers nutrients to cells and removes waste

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6
Q

The left side of teh heart contains

A

oxygen-right blood

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7
Q

The right side of the heart contains

A

oxygen-poor blood

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8
Q

BLood Runs through 2 Circuits:

A

Pulmonary Circuit to lungs, and systemic circuit to body cells

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9
Q

Heart is located in the

A

mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, superior to the diaphragm

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10
Q

Heart contains what 4 chambers

A 
2 Atria (Upper Chambers)
2 Ventricles (Lower Chambers, Pumping Action)
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11
Q

Heart location: Posterior to the

A

sternum

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12
Q

Heart location: Medial to the

A

lungs

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13
Q

Heart location: Anterior to the

A

vertebral column

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14
Q

Heart location: base leis beneath the

A

2nd rib

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15
Q

Heart location: apex lies at the

A

5th intercostal space

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16
Q

What is the Pericardium?

A

Covering over heart and large blood vessels

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17
Q

What is the Fibrious Pericardium

A

Outer layer, thrat surrounds double-layered serous membrane

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18
Q

What is the Parietal Pericardium?

A

Deep to fibrious pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane

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19
Q

What is the Visceral Pericardium?

A

Iner layer of serous membrane

Attached to surface of ehart, also called epicardium

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20
Q

The heart has how many distict layers?

A

Three

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21
Q

Three layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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22
Q

What is the Epicardium?

A

Outer layer of heart

Also called Visceral Pericardium

Thin Layer

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23
Q

What is the Myocardium?

A

Middle layer composted of cardiac mscle tissue

Thickest layer

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24
Q

What is the Endocardium?

A

Inner layer that forms inner lining of heart chamber’‘Thin Layer

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25
Q

What occurs in the Atria?

A

Thin-walled upper chambers; receive blood returning to heart

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26
Q

What are the Auricles?

A

Flap-like projection from Atria, which allow atrial expansio

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27
Q

What are ventricles

A

Thick-walled lower chambers; pump blood into arteries

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28
Q

What occurs in the right atrium?

A

Receives blood returning form sysemic circuit (from the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus) ;

pumps blood to right ventricle

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29
Q

What occurs in the right ventricle

A

Receives blood from the right atrium, pumps blood to lungs

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30
Q

What occurs in Left Atrium?

A

Receives blood from pulmonary veins; pumps blood to left ventricle

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31
Q

What occurs in Left Ventricle?

A

Receives blood form the left atrium; pumps blodo to systemic circuit

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32
Q

Tricuspid Valve Location?

A

Right antrioventricular Orifice

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33
Q

Tricuspid Valve Function

A

Prevents blood from moving from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction

34
Q

Pulmonary Valve Locaiton

A

Entrance to Pulmonary Trunk

35
Q

Pulmonary Valve Function

A

Prevents blood from moving from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle during ventricular relaxation

36
Q

Mitral Valve Location

A

Left Atrioventricular Orifice

37
Q

Mitral Valve Function

A

Prevents blood from moving form the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction

38
Q

Aortic Valve Location

A

Entrance to Aorta

39
Q

Aortic Valve Function

A

Prevents blood from moving from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation

40
Q

The left and right coronary arteries supply

A

blood to tissues of the heart

41
Q

The coronary artieres are first 2 branches of the

A

aorta

42
Q

HEart actions are regulated so that

A

atric contract (atrial systole) while ventricles relax (ventricular diastole)

43
Q

When ventricles contact (ventricular systole) , the atria

A

relax (artial diastole)

44
Q

What is a Left Ventricular Assist Device

A

Mechanical heart-heart, used in some cases temporarily until donor heart is available

45
Q

What is a Implantable Replacement Heart

A

Titanium and plastic artiifal heart, used in people that cannot have heart transplant and do not have long to live

46
Q

What is a Stem Cell Technology

A

Cardiac muscle tissue can now be cultured from altered somatic cells or form stem cells. This may allow “stem cell heart patches” in the future

47
Q

During Artial Systole and Vesticular diastole

A

Ventricles relaxed

A-V valves opena nd semilunar valves close

70% blood flows from atria to ventricles

Atrial systole pushes remaining 30% of blood into the ventricles

48
Q

What occurs during ventricular systole and atrial diastole

A

AV Valves close
Chordae Tendineae prevents back flow
Atria relax
Ventricular pressure increases and opens the semilunar valve

49
Q

Heart sounds are due to

A

closing of heart valves and vibrations associated with a suden slowing of blood flow during contraction

50
Q

What is the lubb sound?

A

Occurs during ventricular systole

Associated with closing of AV Valves

51
Q

What is the DUBB sound?

A

Occurs during ventricular diastole

Associated with closing of pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves

52
Q

What is a murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound serived from incomplete closure of cusps of a valve

53
Q

What is a functional syncytium?

A

A mass of merging cells that function as a unit

54
Q

What are the two masses in the heart

A

In the atrial walls, called atrial syncytium

In the ventricular walls, called the ventricular syncyitium

55
Q

What is the Cardiac Conduction System?

A

A group of clumps and strands of specialized cardiac muscle tissue, which initiates and distribute simpulses throughout the myocardium

56
Q

What is the SA Node?

A

Pacemaker ; initiates rhythmic contractions of the heart

57
Q

What is the Internodal Artial Muscle?

A

Conducts impulses from SA node to atria

58
Q

What is the Junctional Fibers?

A

Conduct impulses form SA node to AV node?

59
Q

What is the AV Node

A

Conducts impulses to AV bundle; delays impulse, so that atria finish contracting before ventricles contract

60
Q

What is the AV bundle

A

COnducts impulses rapidly between SA Node and Bundle branches

61
Q

What is the LEft and Right Bundle Branches

A

Split off from AV Bundle, conduct impulses to Purkinje fibers on both sides of heart

62
Q

Purkinje Fibers, what is it

A

Large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular myocardium

63
Q

When Purkinje fibers stimulate muscle cells,

A

ventricles contract with twisting motion

64
Q

What is a ECG?

A

A recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle

65
Q

What is the P Wave?

A

Artrial depolarization, occurs just prior to atrial contraction

66
Q

What is a QRS Complex?

A

Ventricular depolarization; occur sjust prior to ventricular contraction

67
Q

What is a T Wave?

A

Ventricular repolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular relaxation

68
Q

What normally controls the heart rate

A

SA Node

69
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibers modify theheart rate in response to changing conditions, such as

A

Physical Exercise
Body Temperature
Fight or Flight
Concentration of K and Ca

70
Q

What do Parasympathetic Impulses do?

A

Via vagus nerve decreases heart rate due to influence on SA and AV Nodes

71
Q

What do Sympathetic Impulses do?

A

Via accelerate nerves increase hr due to influence on SA and AV nodes and Ventricular Myocardium

72
Q

Cardiac control center regulates

A

autonomic impulses to the heart

73
Q

What is an Arrhythmias?

A

Altered heart rhythms

74
Q

What if Fibrillation?

A

uncoordinated, chaotic conraction of small areas of myocardium

Atrial fibrillation not life-threatening

75
Q

What is Tachycardia?

A

Abnormally fast heartbeat > 100 beats/min

76
Q

What is Bradycardia?

A

Abnormally slow heartbeat , <60 beats/min

77
Q

What is Flutter?

A

Rapid, regular contraction of a heart chamber, 250-350 beats/min

78
Q

What is a Premature Beat?

A

Beat that occurs before expected in normal cardiac cycle; often originates from ectopic regions of heart

79
Q

What is Ectopic Pacemaker?

A

Damage to SA node may lead to AV node taking over and acts as secondayr pacemaker , 40-60 /min

80
Q

What is a Artifical Pacemaker?

A

Device used to treat disorders of cardiac conduction system; implantable and battery-powered

A&P II (10 decks)

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