Chapter 18: Nutrition

Question 1

Two major classes of nutrients?

Answer 1

Macronutrients

Micronutrients

Question 2

What are macronutrients

Answer 2

required in large quantities: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Question 3

What are micronutreitns

Answer 3

needed in small quanitites, vitamins and minerals

Question 4

What are cabohydrates

Answer 4

Organic. Include Sugar and Starches

Energy help in their chemical bonds is used to power cellular processes

Question 5

Complex carbohydrates are called

Answer 5

poplysaccharides.

Starch from plant foods or glycogen from meats

Question 6

What are simple carbohydrates

Answer 6

Disaccharides (double sugars): Milk, sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar, and molasses
Monosaccharides (Single sugars): From honey and fruits

Question 7

What monosaccharides are absorbed from digestive tract

Answer 7

fructose, galactose, and glucose

Question 8

What is the most common cellular fuel oxidized in glycolysis,

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

Glucose is broken down into

Answer 9

CO2, H2O and Energy

Question 10

Excess glucose converted into

Answer 10

glycogen by glycogenesis and sored in liver an muscle cells

Question 11

After storing a certain amount of glycogen, excess glucose converted into

Answer 11

fats by lipogenesis and stores in teh adipose tissue

Question 12

Whats the primary source of fuel for cellular processes

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

daily requirements of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

125-172 but average us diet includes 200-300 a day

Question 14

Lipids are

Answer 14

organic compounds that include fats, oils, and fat like substances

Question 15

Lipids supply energy fro

Answer 15

cellular processes

Question 16

Lipids serve as

Answer 16

building blocks for structures such as cell membranes

Question 17

most common dietary lipids are fats called

Answer 17

triglycerides

Question 18

Lipids come from

Answer 18

Saturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats
Cholesterol

Question 19

What are Saturated Fats

Answer 19

Mainly in foods of animal organ. Associated with CVD

Question 20

What are Unsaturated Fats

Answer 20

Found in seeds, nuts, and plant oils.

Question 21

What is Cholesterol

Answer 21

Abundant in liver and egg yolk. Not found in foods of plant origin.

Question 22

Lipids in foods include

Answer 22

phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats

Question 23

Excess glucose or amino acids can also be converted into

Answer 23

fat molecules

Question 24

Cholesterol is produced by

Answer 24

the liver and released into the blood

Question 25

Proteins consist of chains of

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

Proteins functions include

Answer 26

building more proteins and also supply energy

Question 27

proteins are first broken down into

Answer 27

amino acids

Question 28

Proteins: Nitrogen groups are removed through

Answer 28

deamination. Nitrogen groups react to form urea.

Question 29

After proteins are digested into amino acids, they are used to

Answer 29

synthesize new proteins, used to produce energy, or converted into glucose or fat

Question 30

Foods high in protein?

Answer 30

Meats, fish, poultry, chees,e nuts , milk

Question 31

What contains less protein?

Answer 31

Legumes

Question 32

The body needs how many amino acids?

Answer 32

20

Question 33

How many amino acids synthesized inside and outside of the body?

Answer 33

12 inside, 8 cannot be synthesized

Question 34

What happens if one amino acid is missing

Answer 34

ANy proteins that require amino acid cannot be produced

Question 35

Complete protein contain

Answer 35

adequte amounts of the essential amino acids

Question 36

Incomplete proteins do not contain

Answer 36

adequate amounts of esential amino acids. found in plant proteins

Question 37

Negative nitrogen balance develops from

Answer 37

starvation

Question 38

positive nitrogen balance develops in

Answer 38

growing children, pregnant women, or an athlete in training

Question 39

Overweight BMI

Answer 39

25-30

Question 40

What does Insulin do?

Answer 40

Hormone secreted by the pancreas after eating ; stimulates adipocytes to take up glucose

Question 41

What does Leptin do?

Answer 41

Hormone secreted by adipocytes while eating. Suppress appetite

Question 42

What does Neuropepetide do?

Answer 42

Neutrotransmitter secreted by the hypothalamus . Stimualates appetite

Question 43

What does Grehlin do?

Answer 43

Secreted by stomach. Enhances appetite by causing secretion of neuropeptide y

Question 44

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 44

Vitamins A D E K

Question 45

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 45

B vitamins and Vitmn C

Question 46

B vitamins essential for normal cellular

Answer 46

metabolism

Question 47

What are minerals?

Answer 47

Inorganic melements essential in metabolism. Usually extracted from teh soil by plants

Question 48

Minerals most concentrated in

Answer 48

bones and teeth

Question 49

Minerals composed parts of

Answer 49

the structural materials of all cells

Question 50

Minerals roles in

Answer 50

muscle contraction , nerve impulse conduction, blood coagulation