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A&P II > Chapter 15 PPT: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 15 PPT: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What do Arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart

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2
Q

What do Arterioles do?

A

Receive blood from the arteries and carry it to the capillaries

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3
Q

What are Capillaries?

A

Sites of exchange of substances between the blood and the body cells

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4
Q

What are Venules?

A

Receive blood from capillaries and conduct it to veins

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5
Q

What are veins?

A

Receive blood from venules, and carry it back to the atria of the heart

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6
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Formation of new blood vessels

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7
Q

Angiogenesis is mainly controlled by

A

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

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8
Q

Angiogenesis is regulated in the body since

A

excess, deficient, or inapprorpriate blood vessel formation can cause common diseases

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9
Q

What is Promoting Angiogenesis

A

Body secretes VEGH in response to blocked artery

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10
Q

How do you prevent Angiogenesis?

A

Tumors secrete VEGF to noruish themselves.

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11
Q

Arteries description

A

Thick, strong wall, thicker than wall of veins

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12
Q

Three layers of Tunics in Arteries?

A

Tunica Interna . Media. Externa

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13
Q

Arteries give rise to smaller

A

arterioles

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14
Q

Cpillaries are the smallest

A

diameter blood vessels

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15
Q

Capilalries connect the smallest

A

arterioles and smallest venules

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16
Q

Capillaries are extensions of the

A

inner lining of artioles

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17
Q

Capillaries wall consist of

A

endothelium

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18
Q

Capillaries: Cpillary blood flow regulated mainly by

A

precapillary sphincters: smooth muscle surrounding capillary when it branches of arteriole

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19
Q

Capillary substances exchanged by

A

diffusion. Opening sinw alls of capilalries are thin slits found where endothelial cells overlap

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20
Q

Tissues with lower metabolic rate, sucha s cartilage, have fewer

A

capillaries

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21
Q

Capillary arrangement higher the metabolic rate in a

A

tissue

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22
Q

Capillaries exchange

A

gases, nutrients, and metabolic byproducts between blod adn tissue around cells

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23
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Most important method of transfer

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24
Q

Diffusion: Lipid soluble substances diffuse through

A

cell membrane; water-soluble substances diffuse through membrane channels and slits

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25
Q

What is Filtraction?

A

Hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through membrane. Pressure derived form ventricular contraction

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26
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Presence of impermeant solute, such as plasma proteins, inside capilalries creates osmotic pressure

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27
Q

Osmotic pressure draws water into

A

capillaries, opposing filtraction

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28
Q

At arteriolar end of capillary…

A

H2O and other substances leave capillary because hydrostatic pressure > osmotic pressure

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29
Q

At venular end of capillary…

A

H2O enters capillary, because osmotic pressure> hydrostatic pressure

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30
Q

What are venules?

A

Microscopic vessels tha transport blood from capillaries to veins

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31
Q

Veins thinner walls than

A

arteirs

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32
Q

Vein; Tunica media is less

A

developed

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33
Q

Veins carry blood under relatively low

A

pressure

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34
Q

Veins function as

A

blood reservoirs

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35
Q

About 2/3 of blood is in

A

veins and venules at any time

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36
Q

Function of Arteriole?

A

Connects to an artery to a capillary, helps control the blood flow into a capillary by vasoconstricting or vasodilating

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37
Q

Function of Venule?

A

Connects a capillary to a vein

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38
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

Deposit of cholesterol plaque form in inner lining of walls of arteries

39
Q

What is an Aneurysm?

A

Bulge in the wall of an artery

40
Q

What is Phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

41
Q

What is Varicose Vein?

A

Abnormal or irregular dilations in superifical veins ; most common in legs

42
Q

What is Blood Pressure?

A

Force the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels

43
Q

Arterial blood pressure rises when

A

ventricles contract

44
Q

Arterial blood pressure falls when

A

the ventricles relax

45
Q

What is systolic Pressure?

A

Maximum pressur reached during ventricular contraction

46
Q

What is Diastolic Pressure

A

Minimum pressure remaining before next ventricular contraction

47
Q

What jis Pulse Pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

48
Q

What is MAP?

A

Average pressure in arterial system

49
Q

Blood pressure decreases as distance from left ventricle…

A

increases

50
Q

What is SV?

A

Volume of blood that enters the arteries with each ventricular contraction

51
Q

What is CO?

A

Volume of blood didscharged from each ventricle minute

52
Q

What is Peripheral REsistance?

A

Force of friction between blood adn walls of blood vessels

53
Q

Blood pressure must overcome peripheral resistance in order to

A

flow

54
Q

What is Viscosity?

A

Difficulty with which molecules of fluid flow past each other

55
Q

Blood pressure id determined by

A

Cardiac Output x Peripheral REsistance

56
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

Long-Lasting Elevated Arterial Blood Pressure

57
Q

Hypertension contributes to formation of

A

atherosclerosis

58
Q

Blood pressure decreases as blood moves through the

A

arterial system and into the capillary network

59
Q

What is Venous Blood Flow

A

Only partly a direct result of heart action.

60
Q

Pressure in the right atrium is called

A

central venous pressure

61
Q

All veins except those returning into the heart from lungs drain into the

A

right atrium

62
Q

Pulmonary Circuit Path

A

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Trunk

Right and left Pulmonary Arteries

Pulmonary Arterioles

Pulmonary Capillaries

Pulmonary Veins

Left Atrium

63
Q

Blodo in pulmonary arteries and arterioles is low in

A

O2 and high in Co2

64
Q

Gas exchange occurs in

A

pulmonary capillaries

65
Q

Blood in pulmonary venules nd veins is right in

A

O2 and low in CO2

66
Q

Systemic Circuit: Oxygen rich blood moves from

A

left atrium to left ventricle

67
Q

Systemic Circuit: contraction of left ventricle sends blood into

A

systemic circuit

68
Q

Systemic Circuit: Path

A

Left Ventricle -> Aorta -> All arteries -> systemic capilalries -> systemic vein -> right atrium

69
Q

Largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta

70
Q

What supplies blood to brain, heck and neck

A

Subclavian, common carotid

71
Q

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis) joins the

A

carotid and vertebral artery systems

72
Q

What artery gives off branches in the neck

A

subclavian artery

73
Q

Blood reaches the thoracic wall via branches of several vessels including the

A

subclavian artery and thoracic aorta

74
Q

The abdominal aorta divides into the

A

common iliac arteries, which supply blood to the pelvic organs and lower limbs

75
Q

Common iliac artery divides into the

A

internal iliac artery adn external iliac artery

76
Q

External iliac arteries provide the major blood supply to the

A

lower limbs

77
Q

External jugular veins drain blood from the

A

face, scalp, and superficial neck

78
Q

What drains blood form the brain, and deep portions of the face and neck

A

Internal jugular veins

79
Q

What two systems of veins drain the upper limb and shoulder

A

Deep Set of Veins and Superficial Set of Veins

80
Q

What consists of the Deep Set of Veins?

A

Digital Veins -> Radial and Ulnar Veins -> Brachail Veins

81
Q

What makes up the Superficial Set of Veins?

A

Anastomoses in Palm and Wrist -> Basilic and Cephalic Veins

82
Q

Abdominal and Thoracic Walls are drained by

A

Tributaries of the Brachiocephalic and Azygos Veins

83
Q

Azygos Veins draind irectly into the

A

superior vena cava

84
Q

Portal veins are unusual in that they do not

A

transport blood directly to the heart

85
Q

Abdominal viscera drained by pathway called

A

hepatic portl system

86
Q

Blood from lower limbs drians into

A

deep and superficial group of veins

87
Q

What are the Deep set of veins in the lower limb?

A

Veins in foot -> Anterior and Posterior Tibial Veins -> Popliteal Vein -> Femoral Vein -> External Iliac Vein

88
Q

What are the Superficial Set of Veins in Foot?

A

Veins in foot -> Small and grreat saphenous veins

89
Q

What is Marfan syndome?

A

Involves abnormal type of protein fibrillin, which can weaken the wall of the aorta

90
Q

What is Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A

Inherited overgrowth of myocardium, caused by abnormal myosin chain in cardiac muscle

91
Q

What is Inherited Deficiency of Mitochondrial Enzyme that breaks down fatty acids

A

Heart failure results from inability to breakd own long-chain fatty acids

92
Q

What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia

A

Abnormal LDL receptors on lvier cells do not take uo cholesterol from blood; results in high cholesterol, coronary artery disease

93
Q

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

A

Disease involving deposition of cholesterol plaque on inner walls of coronary arteries

94
Q

Where cna a pulse be taken?

A

Radial Artery

Brachial Artery

A&P II (10 decks)

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