Chapter 15 PPT: Blood Vessels Flashcards
What do Arteries do?
Carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart
What do Arterioles do?
Receive blood from the arteries and carry it to the capillaries
What are Capillaries?
Sites of exchange of substances between the blood and the body cells
What are Venules?
Receive blood from capillaries and conduct it to veins
What are veins?
Receive blood from venules, and carry it back to the atria of the heart
What is angiogenesis?
Formation of new blood vessels
Angiogenesis is mainly controlled by
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Angiogenesis is regulated in the body since
excess, deficient, or inapprorpriate blood vessel formation can cause common diseases
What is Promoting Angiogenesis
Body secretes VEGH in response to blocked artery
How do you prevent Angiogenesis?
Tumors secrete VEGF to noruish themselves.
Arteries description
Thick, strong wall, thicker than wall of veins
Three layers of Tunics in Arteries?
Tunica Interna . Media. Externa
Arteries give rise to smaller
arterioles
Cpillaries are the smallest
diameter blood vessels
Capilalries connect the smallest
arterioles and smallest venules
Capillaries are extensions of the
inner lining of artioles
Capillaries wall consist of
endothelium
Capillaries: Cpillary blood flow regulated mainly by
precapillary sphincters: smooth muscle surrounding capillary when it branches of arteriole
Capillary substances exchanged by
diffusion. Opening sinw alls of capilalries are thin slits found where endothelial cells overlap
Tissues with lower metabolic rate, sucha s cartilage, have fewer
capillaries
Capillary arrangement higher the metabolic rate in a
tissue
Capillaries exchange
gases, nutrients, and metabolic byproducts between blod adn tissue around cells
What is Diffusion?
Most important method of transfer
Diffusion: Lipid soluble substances diffuse through
cell membrane; water-soluble substances diffuse through membrane channels and slits
What is Filtraction?
Hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through membrane. Pressure derived form ventricular contraction
What is Osmosis?
Presence of impermeant solute, such as plasma proteins, inside capilalries creates osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure draws water into
capillaries, opposing filtraction
At arteriolar end of capillary…
H2O and other substances leave capillary because hydrostatic pressure > osmotic pressure
At venular end of capillary…
H2O enters capillary, because osmotic pressure> hydrostatic pressure
What are venules?
Microscopic vessels tha transport blood from capillaries to veins
Veins thinner walls than
arteirs
Vein; Tunica media is less
developed
Veins carry blood under relatively low
pressure
Veins function as
blood reservoirs
About 2/3 of blood is in
veins and venules at any time
Function of Arteriole?
Connects to an artery to a capillary, helps control the blood flow into a capillary by vasoconstricting or vasodilating
Function of Venule?
Connects a capillary to a vein
What is Atherosclerosis?
Deposit of cholesterol plaque form in inner lining of walls of arteries
What is an Aneurysm?
Bulge in the wall of an artery
What is Phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
What is Varicose Vein?
Abnormal or irregular dilations in superifical veins ; most common in legs
What is Blood Pressure?
Force the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels
Arterial blood pressure rises when
ventricles contract
Arterial blood pressure falls when
the ventricles relax
What is systolic Pressure?
Maximum pressur reached during ventricular contraction
What is Diastolic Pressure
Minimum pressure remaining before next ventricular contraction
What jis Pulse Pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
What is MAP?
Average pressure in arterial system
Blood pressure decreases as distance from left ventricle…
increases
What is SV?
Volume of blood that enters the arteries with each ventricular contraction
What is CO?
Volume of blood didscharged from each ventricle minute
What is Peripheral REsistance?
Force of friction between blood adn walls of blood vessels
Blood pressure must overcome peripheral resistance in order to
flow
What is Viscosity?
Difficulty with which molecules of fluid flow past each other
Blood pressure id determined by
Cardiac Output x Peripheral REsistance
What is Hypertension?
Long-Lasting Elevated Arterial Blood Pressure
Hypertension contributes to formation of
atherosclerosis
Blood pressure decreases as blood moves through the
arterial system and into the capillary network
What is Venous Blood Flow
Only partly a direct result of heart action.
Pressure in the right atrium is called
central venous pressure
All veins except those returning into the heart from lungs drain into the
right atrium
Pulmonary Circuit Path
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Trunk
Right and left Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Arterioles
Pulmonary Capillaries
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Blodo in pulmonary arteries and arterioles is low in
O2 and high in Co2
Gas exchange occurs in
pulmonary capillaries
Blood in pulmonary venules nd veins is right in
O2 and low in CO2
Systemic Circuit: Oxygen rich blood moves from
left atrium to left ventricle
Systemic Circuit: contraction of left ventricle sends blood into
systemic circuit
Systemic Circuit: Path
Left Ventricle -> Aorta -> All arteries -> systemic capilalries -> systemic vein -> right atrium
Largest artery in the body?
Aorta
What supplies blood to brain, heck and neck
Subclavian, common carotid
Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis) joins the
carotid and vertebral artery systems
What artery gives off branches in the neck
subclavian artery
Blood reaches the thoracic wall via branches of several vessels including the
subclavian artery and thoracic aorta
The abdominal aorta divides into the
common iliac arteries, which supply blood to the pelvic organs and lower limbs
Common iliac artery divides into the
internal iliac artery adn external iliac artery
External iliac arteries provide the major blood supply to the
lower limbs
External jugular veins drain blood from the
face, scalp, and superficial neck
What drains blood form the brain, and deep portions of the face and neck
Internal jugular veins
What two systems of veins drain the upper limb and shoulder
Deep Set of Veins and Superficial Set of Veins
What consists of the Deep Set of Veins?
Digital Veins -> Radial and Ulnar Veins -> Brachail Veins
What makes up the Superficial Set of Veins?
Anastomoses in Palm and Wrist -> Basilic and Cephalic Veins
Abdominal and Thoracic Walls are drained by
Tributaries of the Brachiocephalic and Azygos Veins
Azygos Veins draind irectly into the
superior vena cava
Portal veins are unusual in that they do not
transport blood directly to the heart
Abdominal viscera drained by pathway called
hepatic portl system
Blood from lower limbs drians into
deep and superficial group of veins
What are the Deep set of veins in the lower limb?
Veins in foot -> Anterior and Posterior Tibial Veins -> Popliteal Vein -> Femoral Vein -> External Iliac Vein
What are the Superficial Set of Veins in Foot?
Veins in foot -> Small and grreat saphenous veins
What is Marfan syndome?
Involves abnormal type of protein fibrillin, which can weaken the wall of the aorta
What is Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Inherited overgrowth of myocardium, caused by abnormal myosin chain in cardiac muscle
What is Inherited Deficiency of Mitochondrial Enzyme that breaks down fatty acids
Heart failure results from inability to breakd own long-chain fatty acids
What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Abnormal LDL receptors on lvier cells do not take uo cholesterol from blood; results in high cholesterol, coronary artery disease
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
Disease involving deposition of cholesterol plaque on inner walls of coronary arteries
Where cna a pulse be taken?
Radial Artery
Brachial Artery
