Chapter 19: Gastrointestinal & Urologic

Question 1

What are the most common abdominal emergencies?

Answer 1

Appendicitis, cholecystitis, ulcer, diverticulitis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, cystitis, kidney infection, kidney stone, pancreatitis, Hernia, peritonitis

Question 2

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in appendicitis?

Answer 2

Right lower quadrant (d), around navel (r), rebound tenderness

Question 3

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in cholecystitis?

Answer 3

(Gallbladder inflammation) Right upper quadrant (direct), right shoulder (r)

Question 4

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in ulcer?

Answer 4

Upper midabdomen or upper part of back

Question 5

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in diverticulitis?

Answer 5

Left lower quadrant

Question 6

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Answer 6

Low part of back and lower quadrants

Question 7

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in Cystitis?

Answer 7

Lower midabomen (retropubic

Question 8

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in kidney infection?

Answer 8

Costovertebral angle

Question 9

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in kidney stones?

Answer 9

Right or left flank, radiating to genitalia

Question 10

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in pancreatitis?

Answer 10

Upper abdomen, back

Question 11

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in hernia?

Answer 11

Any abdominal quadrant

Question 12

What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in peritonitis?

Answer 12

Diffuse abdominal pain area

Question 13

What causes esophageal varices?

Answer 13

Pressure within blood vessels surrounding esophagus increased typically because of liver failure.

Question 14

What is ileus??

Answer 14

Paralysis of muscular contactions

Question 15

What is diverticulitis?

Answer 15

Inflammation of abnormal pockets at weak areas in lining of colon.

Question 16

What are the two different sections of the peritoneum and what do each sense?

Answer 16

Parietal peritoneum: Perceive pain, touch, pressure, heat, & cold
Visceral peritoneum: referred pain

Question 17

What can happen to hollow organs?

Answer 17

They can rupture causing infection

Question 18

What is a hernia and what are its signs/symptoms?

Answer 18

Protrusion of an organ through an opening in a body cavity where it doesn’t belong.
S/s: pain, tenderness, skin, discoloration

Question 19

What are the aspects of a physical exam of a gastrointestinal and urologic medical emergency?

Answer 19

Expose area and assess, palpate gently, normal is soft and non-tender, pain & tenderness = signs of acute abdomen, start furthest away from pain to prevent guarding

Question 20

What are the aspects of a reassessment of a gastrointestinal and urologic medical emergency?

Answer 20

Assess frequently, look for signs of shock, interventions: shock treatment, emotional support, low-flow oxygen may decrease nausea and anxiety. transport in position of comfort