Chapter 19: Gastrointestinal & Urologic Flashcards
What are the most common abdominal emergencies?
Appendicitis, cholecystitis, ulcer, diverticulitis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, cystitis, kidney infection, kidney stone, pancreatitis, Hernia, peritonitis
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in appendicitis?
Right lower quadrant (d), around navel (r), rebound tenderness
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in cholecystitis?
(Gallbladder inflammation) Right upper quadrant (direct), right shoulder (r)
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in ulcer?
Upper midabdomen or upper part of back
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in diverticulitis?
Left lower quadrant
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Low part of back and lower quadrants
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in Cystitis?
Lower midabomen (retropubic
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in kidney infection?
Costovertebral angle
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in kidney stones?
Right or left flank, radiating to genitalia
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in pancreatitis?
Upper abdomen, back
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in hernia?
Any abdominal quadrant
What are the most common locations of direct and referred pain in peritonitis?
Diffuse abdominal pain area
What causes esophageal varices?
Pressure within blood vessels surrounding esophagus increased typically because of liver failure.
What is ileus??
Paralysis of muscular contactions
What is diverticulitis?
Inflammation of abnormal pockets at weak areas in lining of colon.
What are the two different sections of the peritoneum and what do each sense?
Parietal peritoneum: Perceive pain, touch, pressure, heat, & cold
Visceral peritoneum: referred pain
What can happen to hollow organs?
They can rupture causing infection
What is a hernia and what are its signs/symptoms?
Protrusion of an organ through an opening in a body cavity where it doesn’t belong.
S/s: pain, tenderness, skin, discoloration
What are the aspects of a physical exam of a gastrointestinal and urologic medical emergency?
Expose area and assess, palpate gently, normal is soft and non-tender, pain & tenderness = signs of acute abdomen, start furthest away from pain to prevent guarding
What are the aspects of a reassessment of a gastrointestinal and urologic medical emergency?
Assess frequently, look for signs of shock, interventions: shock treatment, emotional support, low-flow oxygen may decrease nausea and anxiety. transport in position of comfort
