Chapter 12: Pharmacology Flashcards
What medications may be administered by EMT depending on specific protocol?
Oxygen, oral glucose, aspirin, epinephrine, inhaled beta agonist/bronchodilator & anticholinergic (albuterol/ipratropium), MDI medications, nitroglycerin, naloxone, oral OTC analgesics for fever or pain,
What is the action, route, dose, number of doses, indications and contraindications of oxygen?
Action: Reverses hypoxia, provides oxygen
Route: Inhalation
Dose: 28% to 100% oxygen: NRB 12-15 lpm, NC 1-6 lpm, BVM 15 lpm, CPAP
Number of Doses:
Indications: Hypoxia SpO2 <94%
Contraindications: none (COPD, open flames)
What is the action, route, dose, number of doses, indications and contraindications of oral glucose?
Action: Glucose for cell use, reverses hypoglycemia
Route: PO
Dose: 1/2 - 1 tube
Number of Doses:
Indications: hypoglycemia, known history of diabetes
Contraindications: Unable to manage airway (unconsciousness) (nausea, vomiting)
What is the action, route, dose, number of doses, indications and contraindications of Aspirin?
Action: Decreases coagulations by making platelets slippery-anticoagulant (also non EMT anti-inflammatory, anti-fever)
Route: PO -chew
Dose: four 81 mg tablets, or one 324mg
Number of Doses: one
Indications: (Heart attack) cardiac chest pain
Contraindications: Allergy, GI bleed, recent surgery
What is the action, route, dose, number of doses, indications and contraindications of naloxone (Narcan)?
Action: Relieves respiratory distress caused by opioid overdose by replacing opiate on receptor
Route: IN, (IM)
Dose: 2mg; 4mg
Number of Doses: Every 3-5 minutes
Indications: Opioid poisoning w/ <8 breathing, (pinpoint pupils, AMS, respiratory depression (<8))
Contraindications: None (Hypersensitivity)
What is the action, route, dose, number of doses, indications and contraindications of Albuterol?
Action: Bronchodilator
Route: Nebulized, Inhalation
Dose: 2.5 mL in 3 cc
Number of Doses: Up to 3 doses (1 every 5-15min)
MDI: two puffs
Indications: wheezing (Asthma)
Contraindications: High blood pressure
What is the action, route, dose, number of doses, indications and contraindications of Nitroglycerin?
Action: Vasodilator
Route: SL
Dose: Determined by Dr. (0.4 mg (1 tablet))
Number of Doses: Up to 3 doses (1 every 5 min)
Indications: Cardiac chest pain, prescription for nitro
Contraindications: Erectile drug- Viagra, Cialis, Systolic BP <120 mmHg
What is the action, route, dose, number of doses, indications and contraindications of epinephrine?
Action: bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, (Stimulates nervous system)
Route: IM (w/ needle)
Dose: 0.3mg - adult, 0.15mg- child
Number of Doses: One
Indications: Anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock or with respiratory distress
Contraindications: None (Hypertension, hypothermia, chest pain)
-amil
calcium channel blockers (also -pine)
-caine
local anesthetics
-dine
anti-ulcer agents (H2 histamine blockers)
-done
opioid analgesics
-ide
oral hypoclycemics
-lam
anti-anxiety agents (also -pam)
-oxacin
broad spectrum antibiotics
