Chapter 16 Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
*Signs and symptoms of asthma:
Wheezing on inspiration and expiration, bronchospasm
Dyspnea with longer expiratory phase, tachypnea, tachycardia, tripod posture, wheezing, decreased lung sounds bilaterally, and chest tightness
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis:
Flushed skin/hives, generalized edema, decreased blood pressure, laryngeal edema w/ dyspnea, and wheezing/stridor
Signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis:
Dyspnea (Shortness of breath), wheezing, coughing, fever, dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia -caused by infection
Signs and symptoms of Bronchitis:
Chronic cough (w/ sputum production), wheezing, rhonci, cyanosis, tachypnea
Signs and symptoms of Congestive heart failure:
Dependent edema, crackles, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Signs and symptoms of common cold:
Cough, runny/stuffy nose, sore throat
Signs and symptoms of COVID-19:
Cough, fever, dyspnea, chest pain, anosmia -caused by infection
Signs and symptoms of Croup:
Fever, barking cough, stridor, mostly seen in peds - caused by infection
*Signs and symptoms of diptheria:
Difficulty breathing/swallowing, sore throat, thick, gray buildup in throat or nose, fever
*Signs and Symptoms of Emphysema:
Barrel chest, pursed lip breathing dyspnea on exertion, cyanosis, wheezing/decreased breath sounds, mostly seen in older patients
Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis:
Dyspnea, high fever, stridor, drooling, difficulty swallowing, severe sore throat, tripod/ sniffing position, mostly in peds - caused by infection
Signs and symptoms of influenza type A (flu):
Cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue -caused by infection
Signs and symptoms Pertussis (whooping Cough)
Coughing spells, whooping sound, fever -caused by infection
*Signs and symptoms of pneumonia
Dyspnea, fever, cough, green red or rust-colored sputum, localized wheezing or crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia, caused by infection
*Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax:
Sudden pleuritic chest pain with dyspnea, unilateral decreased breath sounds, subcutaneous emphysema, tachypnea
*Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolus:
Sudden onset Dyspnea, occasionally will have sharp pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, JVD, dependent edema, hemoptysis, clear beath sounds initially, syncope
Signs and symptoms of tension peneumothorax:
Severe dyspnea (shortness of breath), unilaterally diminished or absent breath sounds, decreased/altered LOC, neck vein distention, tracheal deviation, hypotension, signs of shock
Signs and symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus:
Cough, wheezing, fever, dehydration - caused by infection
Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis:
Cough fever fatigue, productive/bloody sputum -caused by infection
What is a short list of the causes of dyspnea?
Pulmonary edema, hay fever, pleural effusion, obstruction of the airway, hyperventilation syndrome, environmental/industrial exposure, CO poisoning, drug overdose
These conditions may cause fluid in the lung, infection, collapsed alveoli (atelectasis), alveoli damage, muscle spasms, mucus or weakened airway walls obstruct air passages, blood flow to lungs obstructed by clot, plural space filled w/ air or excess fluid hampering expansion,
What are the signs of respiratory distress?
Agitation, anxiety, restlessness, stridor, wheezing, accessory muscle use, intercostal retractions, neck muscle use (sternomastoid), tachypnea, mild tachycardia, nasal flaring, seesaw breathing, head bobbing.
What are the signs of respiratory failure?
Lethargy, difficult to rouse, tachypnea with periods of bradypnea or agonal respirations, inadequate chest rise/poor excursion, inadequate respiratory rate or effort, bradycardia, diminished muscle tone.
Wheezes: what’s their physiological cause, what do they sound like, what diseases cause them, and what are other signs and symptoms of those diseases?
Cause: constriction and/or inflammation of the bronchus (swelling or other narrowing of lower airways)
Sound: Generally on exhalation, high-pitched almost musical or whistling sound
Diseases and their signs/symptoms: Asthma, COPD, Pulmonary Edema, and Pneumonia: all also presenting tachypnea
Their notable symptoms are Asthma- chest tightness.
COPD- cough, change/increase in sputum production, and barrel chest, pursed lip breathing
CHF/pulmonary edema- sacral edema, dependent edema, Dyspnea, Pneumonia-fever, pleuritic chest pain, unilateral decreased breath sounds,
Dyspnea w/ longer expiratory phase & bilaterally decreased lung sounds: Asthma & COPD
Tachycardia: Asthma, PE, Pneumonia
Tripod: Asthma, COPD, PE
Hypotension: PE, Pneumonia
Rales: PE, Pneumonia
Ronchi: COPD & Pneumonia
Rhonchi: what’s their physiological cause, what do they sound like, what diseases cause them, and what are other signs and symptoms of those diseases?
Cause: Secretions or mucus in the larger airway (bronchi or bronchioles)
Sound: Low-pitched rattling sounds
Diseases and their signs/symptoms: COPD-Cough, change or increase in sputum production, dyspnea w/ prolonged expiratory phase, tripod, diffuse wheezing, bilaterally decreased breath sounds, barrel chest, pursed lip breathing, Pneumonia-fever, unilaterally decreased breath sounds, focal wheezing, rales, normo/hypotensive, tachycardia, pleuritic chest pain, Bronchitis-clear or white sputum
Tachypnea: COPD, Pneumonia
Crackles: what’s their physiological cause, what do they sound like, what diseases cause them, and what are other signs and symptoms of those diseases?
Cause: Fluid in the alveoli
Sound: Typically on inspiration crackling or bubbling. High-pitched: Fine Crackles Low-Pitched: Course Crackles
Diseases and their S/S:
CHF/PE and Pneumonia: both have wheezing and tachypnea, hypotension (Pneumonia may be normotensive), and tachycardia CFH/Pulmonary edema: Dependent edema, sacral edema, dyspnea, tripod, pink frothy sputum, Pneumonia: Fever, decreased breath sounds on one side of the chest, pleuritic chest pain
Stridor: what’s their physiological cause, what do they sound like, what diseases cause them, and what are other signs and symptoms of those diseases?
Cause: Swelling or other narrowing in the upper airway
Sound: High-pitched, heard on inspiration
Diseases and their S/S: Croup-fever, barking cough, Epiglottitis: Fever sore throat drooling
Decreased or absent breath sounds: What diseases cause them, and what are other signs and symptoms of those diseases?
Diseases and their S/S: Asthma: nonproductive cough, dyspnea. COPD: Productive cough Pneumonia: Fever and pleuritic pain Hemothorax: Shock, respiratory distress, Pneumothorax: Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, Atelectasis: fever, decreased oxygen saturation
What do gurgling sounds indicate?
Fluid in the upper airway
What do snoring sounds indicate?
Partial obstruction of the upper airway by tongue.
