Chapter 19 Evidence Synthesis and Strategies for Implementing Evidence Based Practice

Question 1

What is the conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and needs in the delivery and quality of cost effective health care

Answer 1

Evidenced based practice

Question 2

What is produced by the conduct and synthesis of numerous high quality studies in a selected health-related area

Answer 2

Best research evidence

Question 3

What is the summary of relevant studies to determine empirical knowledge in an area that is critical to the advancement of practice research, and policy

Answer 3

Research synthesis

Question 4

What is a research synthesis strategy that involves statistically pooling the samples and results from previous studies with the same focus and research design

Answer 4

Meta-analysis

Question 5

What is the the bias that occurs because studies with positive results are more likely to be published than studies with negative or inconclusive resutls

Answer 5

Publication bias

Question 6

What is the bias in which studies with negative results are usually published later

Answer 6

Time lag bias

Question 7

What is the bias in which studies with positive results may be published more than once

Answer 7

Duplicate bias

Question 8

What is the bias in which studies are published in lower impact journals and indexed in less-searched bias

Answer 8

Location bias

Question 9

What is the bias in which certain studies are cited more often than others are more likely to be identified in database searches

Answer 9

Citation bias

Question 10

What is the bias in which occurs if searches only focus on studies in english

Answer 10

Language bias

Question 11

What bias occurs when study results are not reported clearly and with complete accuracy

Answer 11

Outcome reporting bias

Question 12

What analysis method provides graphic representations of possible effect sizes or odds ratios for interventions in selected studies

Answer 12

Funnel Plot

Question 13

What is a standard statistic that is calculated to determine the absolute difference between two groups

Answer 13

Mean difference

Question 14

What model represented that all of the studies are not exterminating the same intervention effect but rather related effects per studies that follow a distribution across studies

Answer 14

Random effects model

Question 15

What model represents when each study is estimated using the exact same quality

Answer 15

Fixed effects model

Question 16

What is the ratio of the risk of subjects in the intervention group to the risks of subjects in the control group for having a particular health outcome

Answer 16

Relative risk (risk ratio)

Question 17

What is the ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group

Answer 17

The odds ratio

Question 18

What is the the risk of an event in the experimental group minus the risk of the event in the control or standard care group

Answer 18

Absolute risk reduction

Question 19

What is the process and product of systematically reviewing and formally interpreting and integrating the findings from qualitative studies

Answer 19

Qualitative research synthesis

Question 20

What is the systematic compilation integration and translation of qualitative study result using different conceptual views to consolidate knowledge of fundamental importance to nursing

Answer 20

Meta synthesis

Question 21

What is the step in conducting meta synthesis that involves summarizing findings across qualitative reports to identify knowledge in a selected area

Answer 21

Metasummary

Question 22

What involves examining methodology and findings across studies for similarities and differences

Answer 22

The comparative analysis

Question 23

Research synthesis by this method depends on both qualitative and quantitative findings being conceived as potential addressing the same factors or aspects of a large phenomenon

Answer 23

Aggregatiion

Question 24

Research synthesis by this method occurs when diverse individual finds are arranged into a coherent theoretical framework or model

Answer 24

Configuration

Question 25

What type of synthesis involves synthesizing the findings from quality studies separately from qualitative studies and integrating the findings from theses two synthesis in a final report

Answer 25

Separate synthesis

Question 26

What type of synthesis is used hen quantitative and qualitative research findings are thought to extend infirm or refute each other and are synthesized concurrently

Answer 26

Integrated synthesis

Question 27

This describes the time in which research reports are critically appraised to determine their scientific soundness

Answer 27

Validation phase

Question 28

This type of evaluation includes 4 parts: Fit qualifiers of he evidence for the healthcare setting Feasibility of using the research findings Substantiation of the evidence Concerns with current practice

Answer 28

Comparative evaluation

Question 29

That phase involves planning for and using the research evidence in practice

Answer 29

The translation and application phase

Question 30

What is the direct and formal application of research evidence to support the needs for change in nursing intervention or practice protocols algorithms and guidelines

Answer 30

Instrumental use

Question 31

What is the informal indirect use of research knowledge to modify one way of thinking or appreciation of an issue

Answer 31

Cognitive use

Question 32

What occurs when position papers for change are developed to persuade others to a new way of thinking

Answer 32

Symbolic use

Question 33

What is the evolving strategy that is the translation of basic scientific discoveries into practical applications

Answer 33

Translational research