Chapter 19 Endocrine And Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards
Acidosis
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body
Diabetes Mellitus
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
Endocrine glands
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body
Endocrine system
Regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis
Glucose
One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
Hematology
The study and prevention of blood related disorders
Hemophilia
A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding
Hormone
A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues
Hyperglycemia
And abnormally high blood glucose level
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)
A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage
Hypoglycemia
An abnormally low blood glucose level
Insulin
A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus
Kussmaul respirations
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination
Polyphagia
Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger
Polyuria
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine
Sickle cell disease
A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped
Symptomatic hyperglycemia
A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia
Symptomatic hypoglycemia
Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status
Thrombophilia
A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation
Thrombosis
A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system
Type one diabetes
An autoimmune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces anti-bodies to the pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset in early childhood is common
Type two diabetes
A condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification, but is often managed by medications
