Chapter 19 Endocrine And Hematologic Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Acidosis

A

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body

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2
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin

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3
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

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4
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

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5
Q

Endocrine system

A

Regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis

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6
Q

Glucose

A

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

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7
Q

Hematology

A

The study and prevention of blood related disorders

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8
Q

Hemophilia

A

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

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9
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues

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10
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

And abnormally high blood glucose level

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11
Q

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

A

A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage

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12
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

An abnormally low blood glucose level

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13
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus

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14
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

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15
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination

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16
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger

17
Q

Polyuria

A

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine

18
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped

19
Q

Symptomatic hyperglycemia

A

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

20
Q

Symptomatic hypoglycemia

A

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status

21
Q

Thrombophilia

A

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation

22
Q

Thrombosis

A

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

23
Q

Type one diabetes

A

An autoimmune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces anti-bodies to the pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset in early childhood is common

24
Q

Type two diabetes

A

A condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification, but is often managed by medications

25
Vasoocclusive crisis
Ischemia and pain caused by sickle shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body