Chapter 15 Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Acidosis

A

The build up of excess acid in the blood or body tissues the results from a primary illness

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2
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, Stridor, Rhonchi, and crackles

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3
Q

Alkalosis

A

The build up of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids

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4
Q

Allergen

A

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

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5
Q

Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

A

And extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

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6
Q

Asthma

A

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

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7
Q

Aelectasis

A

Collapse of the Alveolar air spaces of the lungs

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8
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

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9
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Information of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than two years and is often caused by the respiratory Syncytial virus

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10
Q

Bronchitis

A

An acute or chronic inflammation of the Lungs that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on it’s cause, sometimes fever

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11
Q

Carbon dioxide retention

A

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer response to high blood levels of carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion

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13
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Irritation of the major lung passage ways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke

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14
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

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15
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation

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16
Q

Crackles

A

Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the Lungs formally called rales

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17
Q

Croup

A

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children

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18
Q

Diphtheria

A

And infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx

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19
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

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20
Q

Embolus

A

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

21
Q

Emphysema

A

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

22
Q

Epiglottitis

A

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and my cause an upper airway obstruction

23
Q

Hay fever

A

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis

24
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal

25
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

A

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths per minute or as low as only 20 very deep breaths per minute

26
Q

Hypoxia

A

A condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen

27
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung disease

28
Q

Influenza type A

A

Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level within the H1N1 strain

29
Q

Metered dose inhaler (MDI)

A

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs

30
Q

Orthopnea

A

Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up

31
Q

Oxygenation

A

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood

32
Q

Pandemic

A

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale

33
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe

34
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

A

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than six years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a whoop sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

35
Q

Pleural effusion

A

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung

36
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura

37
Q

Pneumonia

A

And infectious disease of the lungs that damages lung tissue

38
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space

39
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

A buildup of fluid in the lungs usually as a result of congestive heart failure

40
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

41
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

42
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets

43
Q

Rhonchi

A

Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways

44
Q

Small volume nebulizer

A

A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and the lungs as a treatment for condition such as asthma

45
Q

Stridor

A

A harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction

46
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

A disease that can lay dormant in a person’s lungs for decades, then reactivate; many strains are resistant to antibiotics. TB is spread by cough

47
Q

Ventilation

A

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT

48
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli

49
Q

Wheezing

A

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease