Chapter 19 Blood Vessels

Question 1

Artery

Answer 1

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 2

Vein

Answer 2

Drain the tissues and return blood to the heart

Question 3

Capillary

Answer 3

• Connect the arterioles and venules

- Directly serve the needs of the body’s cells

Question 4

Elastic artery

Answer 4

-large arteries close to the heart that have large amounts of elastic tissue

Question 5

Muscular artery

Answer 5

-smaller arteries that have less elastic tissue and more smooth muscle

Question 6

Continuous capillary

Answer 6

least permeable and most common (skin, muscle)

Question 7

Fenestrated capillary

Answer 7

large fenestrations increase permeability in areas of active absorption or filtration (kidney, small intestine)

Question 8

Sinusoidal capillary

Answer 8

most permeable, only in special locations (liver, bone marrow, spleen)

Question 9

Lumen

Answer 9

The middle of the blood vessels

Question 10

Metarteriole

Answer 10

A vessel structurally intermediate between an arteriole and a capillary

Question 11

Precapillary sphincters

Answer 11

• Surrounds the root of each true capillary at the metarteriole
• acts as a valve to regulate blood flow into the capillary

Question 12

Blood flow

Answer 12

volume of flowing blood (ml/min)

Question 13

Blood pressure

Answer 13

force/unit area (mmHg)

Question 14

Resistance

Answer 14

amount of friction (peripheral resistance)

Question 15

Blood viscosity

Answer 15

thickness of fluid

Question 16

Systolic pressure

Answer 16

the peak pressure (when ventricles contract)

Question 17

Diastolic pressure

Answer 17

the lowest pressure (when ventricles relax)

Question 18

Pulse pressure

Answer 18

the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

Question 19

Baroreceptors

Answer 19

protect the circulation against short-term (acute) changes in blood pressure (in the carotid sinus and aorta)