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A&P II > Chapter 17 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma

A
  • 55% of blood volume
  • Composed of water (90%) & dissolved solutes
  • Proteins: albumin
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2
Q

Albumin

A
  • 60% of plasma protein
  • Blood buffer
  • Shuttles molecules
  • Maintains osmotic pressure
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3
Q

Erythrocytes

A
  • Red blood cells
  • Biconcave discs
  • No nucleus or organelles
  • Lots of hemoglobin
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4
Q

Leukocytes

A
  • White blood cells
  • Defense against disease
  • Diapedesis and amoeboid motion
  • Granulocytes and agranulocytes
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5
Q

Platelets

A
  • Cytoplasmic fragments broken off from megakaryocytes
  • Regulated by thrombopoietin
  • Function in blood clotting
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6
Q

Biconcave

A
  • Shape of erythrocytes

- Responsible for large surface area

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7
Q

Heme

A
  • Pigment of erythrocytes

- Globin binds to heme

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8
Q

Globin

A
  • Protein of erythrocytes
  • 2 alpha and 2 beta
  • Bind to heme
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9
Q

Hematopoiesis

A
  • Blood cell formation
  • Occurs in red bone marrow
  • Starts with hematopoietic stem cell (as well as all formed elements)
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10
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Same as hematopoiesis

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11
Q

Hemocytoblasts

A

The stem cell from which all formed elements are derived

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12
Q

Erythropoiesis

A
  • Formation of erythrocytes
  • Hemocytoblast –> Myeloid stem cell –> Proerythroblast –> Basophilic erythroblast –> polychromatic erythroblast –> Orthochromatic erythroblast –> Reticulocyte –> Erythrocyte
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13
Q

Anemia

A
  • Low oxygen carrying capacity of blood

- Due to: insufficient number of cells, decreased hemoglobin content, abnormal hemoglobin

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14
Q

Diapedesis

A

The process by which white blood cells slip out of the capillary blood vessels

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15
Q

Amoeboid motion

A

The process by which white blood cells move through tissue spaces

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16
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • Have visible granules in cytoplasm
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Eiosinophils
17
Q

Agranulocytes

A
  • Lack visible granules in cytoplasm
  • Monocyte
  • Lymphocyte
18
Q

Neutrophil

A
  • Granulocyte
  • Most abundant
  • Granules hold defensins, which specializes in destroying bacteria
  • Nuclei 3-6 lobes
19
Q

Basophil

A
  • Granulocyte
  • Bilobed nucleus
  • Release histamine to attract more white blood cells
20
Q

Eoisinophil

A
  • Granulocyte
  • Bilobed nucleus
  • Granules hold digestive enzymes (for parasitic worms)
  • Allergies and asthma
21
Q

Lymphocyte

A
  • Agranulocyte
  • Large, spherical nucleus
  • Most in tissues, few in bloodstream
  • T-lymphocytes & B-lymphocytes
22
Q

T-lymphocyte

A
  • formed in the thymus

- act directly against virus infected cells and tumors

23
Q

B-lymphocyte

A
  • formed in the bones

- gives rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

24
Q

Monocyte

A
  • largest WBC
  • U shaped nucleus
  • macrophage function and activate lymphocytes
25
Q

Leucopenia

A
  • low WBCs

- from anti-cancer and AIDS drugs

26
Q

Leukemia

A
  • impair normal bone marrow function
  • Acute: fast (from lymphoblasts)
  • Chronic: slow (from myelocytes)
27
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A
  • viral disease from the Epstein-Barr virus
  • no cure
  • rarely fatal
28
Q

Platelets

A
  • large cytoplasmic fragments broken off from megakaryocytes
  • regulated by thrombopoietin
  • function in blood clotting
29
Q

Glycoprotein

A
  • Antigens

- Located on the surface of the RBCs

30
Q

Antigen

A
  • Promote agglutination (clumping)

- Called agglutinogens

31
Q

Agglutination

A

-Clumping

32
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A

-Occurs in the second child of a Rh+ father and Rh- mother due to hemolysis of blood

33
Q

Autologous transfusion

A
  • Allows a person to pre-donate blood for surgery

- Avoid transfusion problems and diseases

A&P II (8 decks)

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