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Human Structure and Function II > Chapter 19 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

blood is a component of

A

the cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the heart pumps blood through

A

BVs

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3
Q

blood delivers what to tissues

A

oxygen and nutrients

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4
Q

blood removes what

A

CO2 and waste products

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5
Q

roles of blood is to

A

maintain homeostasis

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6
Q

blood transports what

A

gases, nutrients, waste products and hormones

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7
Q

blood regulates what

A

pH, fluid and ion balance

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8
Q

normal pH

A

7.35- 7.45

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9
Q

blood maintains what

A

body temp

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10
Q

blood is a part of the immune system which means

A

its a body defense

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11
Q

blood can prevent

A

xs bleeding via coagulation

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12
Q

what percentage of blood makes up our total body weight

A

8%

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13
Q

how much blood in females

A

4-5 L

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14
Q

how much blood in males

A

5-6 L

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15
Q

plasma liquid matrix= what % of water, proteins, and solutes

A

91% H2O
7 proteins
2 solutes

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16
Q

what percentage of formed elements

A

45

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17
Q

what formed elements are in blood

A

RBC
WBC
platelets

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18
Q

what is a colloid solution with liquid suspended substances

A

plasma

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19
Q

role in blood viscosity, act as buffers (prevents drastic pH change)

A

albumins

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20
Q

what are g;obulins

A

alpha, gamma, beta

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21
Q

what glubulin protects from inflammation

A

alpha

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22
Q

what glublin transport iron, involved in complement

A

beta

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23
Q

what glublin does immunity

A

gamma

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24
Q

role in blood clotting

A

fibrinogen

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25
Q

plasma has tight control regarding

A

ions, nutrients, waste products, gases in plasma

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26
Q

whats the most abundant formed element

A

red blood cells

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27
Q

what percentage are red blood cells

A

95

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28
Q

what is 5 percent of the formed elements

A

leukocytes and thrombocytes

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29
Q

what is the term for blood cell production

A

hemopoiesis

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30
Q

where deos hematopoiesis occur ? and where does the expception occur?

A

red bone marrow, except lympocytes which develop in lymphatic tissue

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31
Q

formed elements are formed by adult step cells which are called

A

hemocytoblasts

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32
Q

hemocytoblasts have the capacity to become

A

any formed element

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33
Q

what are divisions of hemocytoblasts

A

myeloid and lymphoid stem cell

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34
Q

myeloid stem cells are

A

proerythroblasts

35
Q

what are proerythroblasts stimulated by

A

erythropoietin from kidney

36
Q

myeloid stem cells also have

A

myeloblasts
monoblasts
megakaryoblasts

37
Q

monoblasts are

A

monocytes

38
Q

megakaryoblats are

A

platelets

39
Q

lympohid stem cells are

A

lymphocytes

40
Q

what are biconcave discs

A

rbs

41
Q

do erythrocytes change shape and if so why

A

yes to fit through capillaries

42
Q

hemoglobin pigment carries

A

iron, o2, co2

43
Q

oxygen is what percentage of rbs

A

98.5

44
Q

how much of oxygen is disolved in plasma of rbcs

A

1.5

45
Q

how much co2 is dissolved in plasma, hemoglobin, and how much is convert to bicarbonate ions

A

7% in plasma
23 on hgb
70&

46
Q

what is bright red, oxygen form

A

oxyhemoglobin

47
Q

what is dark red, no oxygen

A

deoxyhemoglobin

48
Q

co2 attaching to globin is called

A

carbaminohemoglobin

49
Q

co attaching to iron is called

A

carboxyhemoglobin

50
Q

what are symptoms of carboxyhemoglobin

A

H/A, nausea, unconscious, DIE

51
Q

in cigarettes what percentage of carboxyhemoglobin is in the blood

A

5-15%

52
Q

everyday what % of totals RBS are replaced

A

1

53
Q

term for giving rise to new RBCs

A

erythropoeisis

54
Q

how long does erythropoiesis take

A

4 days to produce

55
Q

what are rbcs stimulated by

A

erythropoietin from kidney

56
Q

what are immature RBC’s that lack a nucleus and are released from the red bone marrow into blood and takes two days to mature

A

reticulocyte

57
Q

what is the normal retic count

A

0.5-2% of circulating RBC

58
Q

what do we use retic counts for

A

to monitor RBC production

59
Q

if retic count rises that means

A

indication of response to therapy for anemia

60
Q

if retic count is not rising that means

A

we are anemic

61
Q

what is the normal life span for RBC

A

120 days

62
Q

rupting as we go through the capillaries is called

A

hemolyssi

63
Q

where is the RBC graveyeard

A

spleen

64
Q

hemolysis has hgb into

A

plasma and denatures

65
Q

how is sickle cell disease passed down genetically

A

autosomal recessive

66
Q

sickle cell disease is a genetic mutation in what chain of hgb

A

beta globin

67
Q

sickle cell disease is a change in 1 nucleotide in dna which is between

A

glutamine to valine

68
Q

sickle cell trait with 1 allele abnormality=

A

carrier

69
Q

if you are a carrier for the 1 allele abnormality that makes you resistant to

A

malaria and increased fertility

70
Q

in africa what percentage are carriers for SCD

A

50

71
Q

when levels of blood oxygen ->

A

change in rbc shape

72
Q

sickle cell lodge in capillaries =

A

blocking blood flow which results in less oxygen

73
Q

SCD has a snowball effect which means the rbcs cannot

A

revert to normal shape

74
Q

symptoms of scd

A

pain, spleen and liver enlargement, lung and kidney damage, stroke, priapism, risk of sickles cell rupting-> hemolytic anemia

75
Q

treatment for scd

A

decrease blood vessel bloackage, treat pain and prevent infections hydroxyurea, bone marrow transplant
gene therapy possibly

76
Q

what do WBCs do

A

immune system defense and remove dead cells and debris

77
Q

large granules are

A

granulocytes

78
Q

gruales that arent readily visible (acidic and basic dyes)

A

neutrophils

79
Q

red granules with acidic dyes

A

eosinophils

80
Q

dark pueplw granules with basic dyes

A

basophils

81
Q

no visible granules

A

agranulocytes

82
Q

large with kidney shaped or U nucleus

A

monocyte

83
Q

small with round nucleus, silver of cytoplasm

A

lymphocytes

84
Q

50-70%, multilobed nucleus
first to respond to infection,
phagocytize bacteria and secrete lysozymes

A

neutrophils

Human Structure and Function II (8 decks)

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