Chapter 18 - Treating Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Biomedical treatment

Answer 1

• use of medications for mental health
• treatment made to reduce psychological disorder by influencing the action of the central nervous system
• electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and psychosurgery

Question 2

Psychological treatment

Answer 2

psychological therapy such as psychoanalysis, humanistic-oriented, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

Question 3

Social treatment

Answer 3

changing social environment

- group/family therapy, community outreach programs

Question 4

Psychedelics

Answer 4

a subset of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness
- treat people with depression, anxiety, PTSD

Question 5

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (1938)

Answer 5

seizures are electrically induced to trigger a brief seizure for therapeutic effect

treats severe depression

Question 6

Lobotomy (1935)

Answer 6

psychosurgery involving cutting or scrapping away most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex

• patients became mentally dull
• treated mental disorders

Question 7

Chlorpromazine ‘Thorazine’ (1950)

Answer 7

used to treat the manic phase in bipolar disorder

Question 8

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 8

Government policy that moved mental health patients out of normal hospitals to a mental health hospital
- Stabilizing drugs + socio-political movement + economic incentives

Question 9

Antipsychotics (classes of drugs)

Answer 9

treat the symptoms of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders

Question 10

Antidepressants (classes of drugs)

Answer 10

improve mood

Question 11

Psychostimulants (classes of drugs)

Answer 11

improve attention and decrease motor activity

- ADHD

Question 12

Mood stabilizers (classes of drugs)

Answer 12

reduce mood swings

- treat bipolar disorder

Question 13

Anti-anxiety medications (anxiolytics)

classes of drugs

Answer 13

relieve fear/anxiety

Question 14

Depressants (sedatives)

classes of drugs

Answer 14

slow down brain activity, reduce irritability or excitement

Question 15

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 15

uses a pulsing magnetic coil to electrically stimulate the brain
- activates prefrontal cortex (less active in ppl with depression)

Question 16

Medications

Answer 16

balance neurotransmitters

Question 17

Thinking about psychiatric medications

Answer 17

Who controls drug info? why?

Direct-to-consumer advertising - increases consumer demand for drugs

“You are sicker than you think”

Question 18

Psychotherapy

Answer 18

treatment for psychological disorder through talking

Question 19

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 19

focus on unconscious motives, conflicts, desires, and traumas rooted in childhood experiences

Question 20

Psychoanalysis

Answer 20

gain insight to the patient’s unconscious basis of their struggles and achieve emotional release

• dream interpretation
• free association -whatever comes to mind
• transference - client will transfer their unconscious thoughts and emotions onto the therapist
  
  • Ex) if a therapist wants to take a vacay, client might get mad which could signal mother’s abandonment

Question 21

Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT)

Answer 21

relieving current symptoms through brief, goal-oriented interventions based on cognitive and behavioural principles

Question 22

behavioural therapy techniques

Answer 22

graduated exposure and flooding
- used to treat fear and anxiety

ex) man that was terrified of dogs

systemic desensitization - counterconditioning (pair the fear with another positive stimulus, the hope is that they will cancel itself out)

Question 23

Cognitive therapy

Answer 23

made to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, to reduce negative emotions

Question 24

Rational emotive therapy

Answer 24

uses rational arguements

Ex) I’ll never get married and die alone
- therapist will say there are single people that are happy

Question 25

Group therapy

Answer 25

clients receive psychological treatment together with others

Question 26

Primary prevention

Answer 26

all members of the community receive the treatment

ex )public health promotion campaign

Question 27

Secondary prevention

Answer 27

focuses on people who have risk factors for a given disorder

ex) social worker leads a preventative peer support group for children of parents with mental illness

Question 28

Tertiary prevention

Answer 28

treatment for people already diagnosed with a disorder

ex) counsellor works with a person diagnosed with anxiety