Chapter 18 - Treating Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Biomedical treatment
- use of medications for mental health
- treatment made to reduce psychological disorder by influencing the action of the central nervous system
- electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and psychosurgery
Psychological treatment
psychological therapy such as psychoanalysis, humanistic-oriented, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Social treatment
changing social environment
- group/family therapy, community outreach programs
Psychedelics
a subset of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary states of consciousness
- treat people with depression, anxiety, PTSD
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (1938)
seizures are electrically induced to trigger a brief seizure for therapeutic effect
treats severe depression
Lobotomy (1935)
psychosurgery involving cutting or scrapping away most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex
- patients became mentally dull
- treated mental disorders
Chlorpromazine ‘Thorazine’ (1950)
used to treat the manic phase in bipolar disorder
Deinstitutionalization
Government policy that moved mental health patients out of normal hospitals to a mental health hospital
- Stabilizing drugs + socio-political movement + economic incentives
Antipsychotics (classes of drugs)
treat the symptoms of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders
Antidepressants (classes of drugs)
improve mood
Psychostimulants (classes of drugs)
improve attention and decrease motor activity
- ADHD
Mood stabilizers (classes of drugs)
reduce mood swings
- treat bipolar disorder
Anti-anxiety medications (anxiolytics)
classes of drugs
relieve fear/anxiety
Depressants (sedatives)
classes of drugs
slow down brain activity, reduce irritability or excitement
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
uses a pulsing magnetic coil to electrically stimulate the brain
- activates prefrontal cortex (less active in ppl with depression)
Medications
balance neurotransmitters
Thinking about psychiatric medications
Who controls drug info? why?
Direct-to-consumer advertising - increases consumer demand for drugs
“You are sicker than you think”
Psychotherapy
treatment for psychological disorder through talking
Psychodynamic therapy
focus on unconscious motives, conflicts, desires, and traumas rooted in childhood experiences
Psychoanalysis
gain insight to the patient’s unconscious basis of their struggles and achieve emotional release
- dream interpretation
- free association -whatever comes to mind
- transference - client will transfer their unconscious thoughts and emotions onto the therapist
- Ex) if a therapist wants to take a vacay, client might get mad which could signal mother’s abandonment
Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT)
relieving current symptoms through brief, goal-oriented interventions based on cognitive and behavioural principles
behavioural therapy techniques
graduated exposure and flooding
- used to treat fear and anxiety
ex) man that was terrified of dogs
systemic desensitization - counterconditioning (pair the fear with another positive stimulus, the hope is that they will cancel itself out)
Cognitive therapy
made to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, to reduce negative emotions
Rational emotive therapy
uses rational arguements
Ex) I’ll never get married and die alone
- therapist will say there are single people that are happy
Group therapy
clients receive psychological treatment together with others
Primary prevention
all members of the community receive the treatment
ex )public health promotion campaign
Secondary prevention
focuses on people who have risk factors for a given disorder
ex) social worker leads a preventative peer support group for children of parents with mental illness
Tertiary prevention
treatment for people already diagnosed with a disorder
ex) counsellor works with a person diagnosed with anxiety
