Chapter 14 - Growing and Developing

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

the physiological, cognitive, behaviour and social changes that occur throughout human life which are guided by genetics and environmental influences

Question 2

Prenatal (conception) development

Answer 2

egg is fertilized by sperm

Question 3

stages of prenatal development

Answer 3

germinal - 0-2 weeks
embryonic - 2-8
- major organs form and embryo is attached to wall of uterus
fetal - after 8 weeks

Question 4

Infancy

Answer 4

• learn survival reflexes:
• sucking
• grasping
• blinking
• perceptual abilities:
• taste
• smell
• hear
• see

Question 5

attachment

Answer 5

emotional bond between two beings

Question 6

Piaget’s theory of cognitive stages of development

Answer 6

1. Sensorimotor (birth-2)
   - object permanence develops
2. Pre-operational stage
   - egocentrism - assume other people see, hear etc what they do
   - centration - longer = more (length vs #)
3. Concrete operations stage (7-12)
   - conversation develops
4. Formal operations (12+)
   - abstract thinking and local thought

Question 7

Assimiliation (Piaget) (how we add new information to existing knowledge)

Answer 7

new information into existing categories

Question 8

Accommodation (Piaget)

how we add new information to existing knowledge

Answer 8

new information prompts re-arrangement of mental categories

Question 9

Gender influences

Answer 9

Social influence

• gender roles: expectation of their gender
• gender socialization/typing
  
  • process by which children learn the feminine/masculine in their culture

Question 10

Cognitive influence on gender identity

Answer 10

begins around age 4

- shape their thoughts, behaviours into a certain gender

Question 11

Adolescence

Answer 11

years between puberty and the beginning of adulthood

Question 12

Puberty

Answer 12

the age at which the person becomes capable of sexual reproduction

Question 13

Conflicts of adolescence

Answer 13

• conflict with parents
• mood swings and depression
• higher rates of reckless, rule-breaking, and risky behaviour
• bullying

Question 14

Adulthood

Answer 14

status markers
- turning 18

subjective states
- do you feel independent?

3 things that make you feel like an adult
- getting a house, married to a partner, having a child

Question 15

Emerging adulthood

Answer 15

18-25

• independent dependents (go out and then come back home)
• often go to post secondary
• Don’t need these people to work and contribute to the economy

Question 16

Adulthood - middle years

Answer 16

35-65

- good health, high career productivity, strong community involvement

Question 17

Late adulthood (old age)

Answer 17

65+

negative emotions are gone besides losing someone special

Question 18

Schemas (how we add new information to existing knowledge)

Answer 18

help people organize their knowledge of the world and understand new information