Chapter 16 - Personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

distinctive combination of behaviour, mannerisms, thoughts, motives and emotions that characterize an individual overtime and across different situations

Question 2

Personality traits

Answer 2

characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviour
- evidence: consistency, stability, individual differences.

Question 3

Personality vs social

Answer 3

ex) karen is kind and caring but when she goes to BLM protest she might be passionate and aggressive

Question 4

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis

Answer 4

explain behaviour and personality in terms of unconscious energy dymanics

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

unconscious psychological energy, particularly sexual and aggressive instincts

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

balancing force of reason; responsible for self-control

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

locus of conscience, morality, and social standards

Question 8

Ego’s defence mechanisms

Answer 8

prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts and desires from entering consciousness

Question 9

Repression

Answer 9

threatening idea, memory, or emotion is blocked from consciousness

ex) become claustraphobic if you have a terrible memory of your brother locking you in a closet

Question 10

Projection

Answer 10

project our own thoughts and feelings on others

Question 11

Displacement

Answer 11

persons directs their emotions (usually anger) toward things that aren’t the object of their feelings

• drive of id
• can’t attack boss so find another outlet

Question 12

Regression

Answer 12

a person reverts to a previous stage of psychological development
ex) unconscious fear of parenting may make you feel like you need your parents again

Question 13

Denial

Answer 13

refuses to admit that something wrong/unpleasant is occurring
- protects ego from things it knows they can’t cope with

Question 14

Projective hypothesis

Answer 14

if a person is asked to describe or interpret ambiguous stimuli (things the can be understood in a number of different ways) their responses will be influences by nonconscious needs, feelings, and experiences

Question 15

Pop psychology

Answer 15

not grounded with scientific evidence, usually quizzes and stuff based on a few questions

Question 16

Objective personality tests

Answer 16

evaluation according to standards of psychological testing

• content validity
• norms
• rate yourself

Question 17

5 core traits (revealed by factor analysis) OCEAN

Answer 17

1. Openness to experience vs resistance to new experience
2. Conscientiousness vs impulsiveness
   - responsible vs undependable
3. Extraversion vs introversion
   - like spotlight or shy away
4. Agreeableness vs antagonism (how we approach others)
   - secure vs suspicious
5. Neuroticism (negative emotionality) vs emotional Stability

Question 18

Temperment

Answer 18

respond to the environment in a certain way

• present at birth
• genetically determined

50% of variation in personality traits is due to genetic factors