Chapter 18- Social Influence Flashcards
Social norms
Socially based rules that prescribe what people should or should not do in various situations.
Social influence
The process whereby one person’s behavior is affected by the words or actions of others.
Deindividuation
A psychological state occurring in group members that results in loss of individuality and a tendency to do things not normally done when alone.
Social facilitation
A phenomenon in which the presence of others improves a person’s performance.
Social interference
A reduction in performance due to the presence of other people.
Social loafing
Exerting less effort when performing a group task than when performing the same task alone.
Conformity
Changing one’a behavior or beliefs to match those of others, generally as a result of real or imagined, though unspoken, group pressure.
Compliance
Adjusting one’a behavior because of an explicit or implicit request.
Obedience
Changing behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure.
Aggression
An act that is intended to cause harm to another person.
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
A proposition that frustration always leads to some form of aggressive behavior.
Environmental psychology
The study of the relationship between behavior and the physical environment.
Helping behavior (prosocial behavior)
Any act that is intended to benefit another person.
Altruism
An unselfish concern for another person’s welfare.
Arousal: cost-reward theory
A theory attributing people’s helping behavior to their efforts to reduce the unpleasant arousal they feel in the face of someone’s need or suffering.
Bystander effect
A phenomenon in which the chances that someone will help in an emergency decrease as the number of people present increases.
Empathy-altruism theory (empathy-altruism helping theory)
A theory suggesting that people help others because of empathy withy their needs.
Cooperation
Any type of behavior in which people work together to attain a goal.
Competition
Behavior in which individuals try to attain a goal for themselves while denying that goal to others.
Conflict
The result of a person’s or group’s belief that another person or group stands in the way of their achieving a valued goal.
Social dilemma
A situation in which actions that produce rewards for one individual will produce negative consequences if adopted by everyone.
Prisoner’a dilemma game
A social dilemma scenario in which mutual cooperation guarantees the best mutual outcome.
zero-sum game
A social situation in which one person’s gains are subtracted from another person’s resources so that the sum of the gains and losses is zero.
Task-motivated leader
A leader who provides close supervision, leads by directives, and generally discourages group discussion.