Chapter 18- Social Influence Flashcards

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0
Q

Social norms

A

Socially based rules that prescribe what people should or should not do in various situations.

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1
Q

Social influence

A

The process whereby one person’s behavior is affected by the words or actions of others.

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2
Q

Deindividuation

A

A psychological state occurring in group members that results in loss of individuality and a tendency to do things not normally done when alone.

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3
Q

Social facilitation

A

A phenomenon in which the presence of others improves a person’s performance.

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4
Q

Social interference

A

A reduction in performance due to the presence of other people.

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5
Q

Social loafing

A

Exerting less effort when performing a group task than when performing the same task alone.

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6
Q

Conformity

A

Changing one’a behavior or beliefs to match those of others, generally as a result of real or imagined, though unspoken, group pressure.

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7
Q

Compliance

A

Adjusting one’a behavior because of an explicit or implicit request.

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8
Q

Obedience

A

Changing behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure.

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9
Q

Aggression

A

An act that is intended to cause harm to another person.

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10
Q

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

A proposition that frustration always leads to some form of aggressive behavior.

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11
Q

Environmental psychology

A

The study of the relationship between behavior and the physical environment.

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12
Q

Helping behavior (prosocial behavior)

A

Any act that is intended to benefit another person.

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13
Q

Altruism

A

An unselfish concern for another person’s welfare.

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14
Q

Arousal: cost-reward theory

A

A theory attributing people’s helping behavior to their efforts to reduce the unpleasant arousal they feel in the face of someone’s need or suffering.

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15
Q

Bystander effect

A

A phenomenon in which the chances that someone will help in an emergency decrease as the number of people present increases.

16
Q

Empathy-altruism theory (empathy-altruism helping theory)

A

A theory suggesting that people help others because of empathy withy their needs.

17
Q

Cooperation

A

Any type of behavior in which people work together to attain a goal.

18
Q

Competition

A

Behavior in which individuals try to attain a goal for themselves while denying that goal to others.

19
Q

Conflict

A

The result of a person’s or group’s belief that another person or group stands in the way of their achieving a valued goal.

20
Q

Social dilemma

A

A situation in which actions that produce rewards for one individual will produce negative consequences if adopted by everyone.

21
Q

Prisoner’a dilemma game

A

A social dilemma scenario in which mutual cooperation guarantees the best mutual outcome.

22
Q

zero-sum game

A

A social situation in which one person’s gains are subtracted from another person’s resources so that the sum of the gains and losses is zero.

23
Q

Task-motivated leader

A

A leader who provides close supervision, leads by directives, and generally discourages group discussion.

24
Q

Relationship-motivated leader

A

A leader who provides lose supervision, asked for group members’ ideas, and is concerned with subordinates’ feelings.

25
Q

Groupthink

A

A pattern of thinking in which group members fail to evaluate realistically the wisdom of various options and decisions.