Chapter 18- Social Influence

Question 0

Social norms

Answer 0

Socially based rules that prescribe what people should or should not do in various situations.

Question 1

Social influence

Answer 1

The process whereby one person’s behavior is affected by the words or actions of others.

Question 2

Deindividuation

Answer 2

A psychological state occurring in group members that results in loss of individuality and a tendency to do things not normally done when alone.

Question 3

Social facilitation

Answer 3

A phenomenon in which the presence of others improves a person’s performance.

Question 4

Social interference

Answer 4

A reduction in performance due to the presence of other people.

Question 5

Social loafing

Answer 5

Exerting less effort when performing a group task than when performing the same task alone.

Question 6

Conformity

Answer 6

Changing one’a behavior or beliefs to match those of others, generally as a result of real or imagined, though unspoken, group pressure.

Question 7

Compliance

Answer 7

Adjusting one’a behavior because of an explicit or implicit request.

Question 8

Obedience

Answer 8

Changing behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure.

Question 9

Aggression

Answer 9

An act that is intended to cause harm to another person.

Question 10

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 10

A proposition that frustration always leads to some form of aggressive behavior.

Question 11

Environmental psychology

Answer 11

The study of the relationship between behavior and the physical environment.

Question 12

Helping behavior (prosocial behavior)

Answer 12

Any act that is intended to benefit another person.

Question 13

Altruism

Answer 13

An unselfish concern for another person’s welfare.

Question 14

Arousal: cost-reward theory

Answer 14

A theory attributing people’s helping behavior to their efforts to reduce the unpleasant arousal they feel in the face of someone’s need or suffering.

Question 15

Bystander effect

Answer 15

A phenomenon in which the chances that someone will help in an emergency decrease as the number of people present increases.

Question 16

Empathy-altruism theory (empathy-altruism helping theory)

Answer 16

A theory suggesting that people help others because of empathy withy their needs.

Question 17

Cooperation

Answer 17

Any type of behavior in which people work together to attain a goal.

Question 18

Competition

Answer 18

Behavior in which individuals try to attain a goal for themselves while denying that goal to others.

Question 19

Conflict

Answer 19

The result of a person’s or group’s belief that another person or group stands in the way of their achieving a valued goal.

Question 20

Social dilemma

Answer 20

A situation in which actions that produce rewards for one individual will produce negative consequences if adopted by everyone.

Question 21

Prisoner’a dilemma game

Answer 21

A social dilemma scenario in which mutual cooperation guarantees the best mutual outcome.

Question 22

zero-sum game

Answer 22

A social situation in which one person’s gains are subtracted from another person’s resources so that the sum of the gains and losses is zero.

Question 23

Task-motivated leader

Answer 23

A leader who provides close supervision, leads by directives, and generally discourages group discussion.

Question 24

Relationship-motivated leader

Answer 24

A leader who provides lose supervision, asked for group members’ ideas, and is concerned with subordinates’ feelings.

Question 25

Groupthink

Answer 25

A pattern of thinking in which group members fail to evaluate realistically the wisdom of various options and decisions.