Chapter 17- Social Cognition Flashcards

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0
Q

Social cognition

A

Mental processes associated with people’s perceptions of and reactions to other people.

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1
Q

Social psychology

A

The study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior influence and are influenced by the behavior of others.

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2
Q

Self-concept

A

The way one thinks of oneself.

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3
Q

Self-esteem

A

The evaluations one makes about how worthy one is as a human being.

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4
Q

Social comparison

A

Using other people as a basis of comparison for evaluating oneself.

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5
Q

Reference groups

A

Categories of people to which people compare themselves.

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6
Q

Relative deprivation

A

The belief that, in comparison to a reference group, one is getting less than is deserved.

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7
Q

Social identity

A

The beliefs we hold about the groups to which we belong.

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8
Q

Social perception

A

The processes through which people interpret information about others, draw inferences about them, and develop mental representations of them.

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9
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

A process through which our expectations about another person cause us to act in ways that lead the person to behave as we expected.

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10
Q

Attribution

A

The process of explaining the causes of people’s behavior, including our own.

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11
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

A bias toward over attributing the behavior of others to internal causes.

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12
Q

Outgroup

A

Those whom we perceive as being different from ourselves.

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13
Q

Ingroup

A

Those whom we perceive as being similar to ourselves.

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14
Q

Actor-observer effect

A

The tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to internal causes while attributing our own behavior (especially errors and failures) to external causes.

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15
Q

Self-serving bias

A

The tendency to attribute our successes to internal characteristics while blaming our failures on external causes.

16
Q

Attitude

A

A predisposition toward a particular cognitive, emotional, or behavioral reaction to objects.

17
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

A model suggesting that attitude change can be driven by evaluation of the content of a persuasive message (central route) or by irrelevant persuasion cues (peripheral route).

18
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

A theory asserting that attitude change is driven by efforts to reduce tension caused by inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors.

19
Q

Self-perception theory

A

A theory suggesting that attitudes can change as people consider their behavior in certain situations and then infer what their attitude must be.

20
Q

Stereotype

A

A false assumption that all members of some group share the same characteristics.

21
Q

Prejudice

A

A positive or negative attitude toward an entire group of people.

22
Q

Social discrimination

A

Differential treatment of various groups; the behavioral component of prejudice.

23
Q

Contact hypothesis

A

The idea that stereotypes and prejudice toward a group will diminish as contact with the group increases.

24
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

The notion that people are most likely to form relationships with those who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness.