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Psychology > Chapter 15- Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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0
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

A view of mental disorders as caused by a combination of interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

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1
Q

Psychopathology

A

Patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for those who are affected or for those with whom they come in contact.

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2
Q

Medical model (neurobiological model)

A

A view in which psychological disorders are seen as reflecting disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain and in other biological processes.

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3
Q

Psychological model

A

A view in which mental disorder is seen as arising from psychological processes.

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4
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

A way of looking at mental disorders in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and other social and cultural factors.

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5
Q

Sociocultural factors

A

Characteristics or conditions that can influence the appearance and form of maladaptive behavior.

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6
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

The notion that psychological disorders arise when a predisposition for a disorder combines with sufficient amounts of stress to trigger symptoms.

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7
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

A condition in which intense feelings of apprehension are long-standing and disruptive.

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8
Q

Phobia

A

An anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction.

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9
Q

Specific phobia

A

An anxiety disorder involving fear and avoidance of heights, animals, or other specific stimuli and situations.

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10
Q

Social phobia

A

An anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fears relating to social situations.

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11
Q

Agoraphobia

A

An anxiety disorder involving strong fear of being alone or away from the security of home.

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12
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

A condition that involves relatively mild but long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any particular object or situation.

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13
Q

Panic disorder

A

An anxiety disorder involving sudden panic attacks.

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14
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

An anxiety disorder involving repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain rituals.

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15
Q

Obsessions

A

Persistent, upsetting, and unwanted thoughts that interfere with daily life and may lead to compulsions.

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16
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive behaviors that interfere with daily functioning but are performed in an effort to prevent dangers or events associated with obsessions.

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17
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

Psychological problems in which symptoms of a physical disorder are present without a physical cause.

18
Q

Conversion disorder

A

A somatoform disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness, or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause.

19
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

A somatoform disorder involving strong, unjustified fear of having physical illness.

20
Q

Somatization disorder

A

A somatoform disorder in which there are numerous physical complaints without verifiable physical illness.

21
Q

Somatoform pain disorder

A

A somatoform disorder marked by complaints of severe pain with no physical cause.

22
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

A somatoform disorder characterized by intense distress over imagined abnormalities of the skin, hair, face, or other areas of the body.

23
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Rare conditions that involve sudden and usually temporary disruptions in a person’s memory, consciousness, or identity.

24
Q

Fugue reaction (dissociative fugue)

A

A dissociative disorder involving sudden loss of memory and possible assumption of a new identity in a new location.

25
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

A dissociative disorder marked by a sudden loss of memory.

26
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

A dissociative disorder in which a person reports having more than one identity.

27
Q

Affective disorder (mood disorder)

A

A condition in which a person experiences extreme moods, such as depression or mania.

28
Q

Major depression (major depressive disorder)

A

An affective disorder in which a person feels sad and hopeless for weeks or months.

29
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs, such as those experienced by people suffering from schizophrenia or extreme depression.

30
Q

Dysthymic disorder

A

An affective disorder involving a pattern of comparatively mild depression that lasts for at least two years.

31
Q

Bipolar disorders

A

Affective disorders in which a person alternates between the emotional extremes of depression and mania.

32
Q

Mania

A

An elated, very active emotional state.

33
Q

Cyclothymic personality (cyclothymic disorder)

A

An affective disorder characterized by an alternating pattern of mood swings that is less extreme than that of bipolar disorders.

34
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A severe and disabling pattern of disturbed thinking, emotion, perception, and behavior.

35
Q

Hallucinations

A

A symptom of disorder in which people perceive voices or other stimuli when there are no stimuli present.

36
Q

Positive symptoms

A

schizophrenic symptoms such as disorganized thoughts, hallucinations, and delusions.

37
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Schizophrenic symptoms such as absence of pleasure, lack of speech, and flat affect.

38
Q

Personality disorders

A

Long-standing, inflexible ways of behaving that create a variety if problems.

39
Q

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

A

A personality disorder involving impulsive impulsive, selfish, unscrupulous, and even criminal behavior.

40
Q

Substance-related disorders

A

Problems involving the use of psychoactive drugs for months or years in ways that harm the user or others.

41
Q

Addiction

A

Development of a physical need for a psychoactive drug.

42
Q

Alcoholism

A

A pattern of drinking that May lead to addiction and almost always causes severe social, physical, and other problems.

Psychology (8 decks)

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