Chapter 15- Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Biopsychosocial approach
A view of mental disorders as caused by a combination of interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
Psychopathology
Patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are maladaptive, disruptive, or uncomfortable for those who are affected or for those with whom they come in contact.
Medical model (neurobiological model)
A view in which psychological disorders are seen as reflecting disturbances in the anatomy and chemistry of the brain and in other biological processes.
Psychological model
A view in which mental disorder is seen as arising from psychological processes.
Sociocultural perspective
A way of looking at mental disorders in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and other social and cultural factors.
Sociocultural factors
Characteristics or conditions that can influence the appearance and form of maladaptive behavior.
Diathesis-stress model
The notion that psychological disorders arise when a predisposition for a disorder combines with sufficient amounts of stress to trigger symptoms.
Anxiety disorder
A condition in which intense feelings of apprehension are long-standing and disruptive.
Phobia
An anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction.
Specific phobia
An anxiety disorder involving fear and avoidance of heights, animals, or other specific stimuli and situations.
Social phobia
An anxiety disorder involving strong, irrational fears relating to social situations.
Agoraphobia
An anxiety disorder involving strong fear of being alone or away from the security of home.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
A condition that involves relatively mild but long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any particular object or situation.
Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder involving sudden panic attacks.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder involving repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain rituals.
Obsessions
Persistent, upsetting, and unwanted thoughts that interfere with daily life and may lead to compulsions.
Compulsions
Repetitive behaviors that interfere with daily functioning but are performed in an effort to prevent dangers or events associated with obsessions.
Somatoform disorders
Psychological problems in which symptoms of a physical disorder are present without a physical cause.
Conversion disorder
A somatoform disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness, or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause.
Hypochondriasis
A somatoform disorder involving strong, unjustified fear of having physical illness.
Somatization disorder
A somatoform disorder in which there are numerous physical complaints without verifiable physical illness.
Somatoform pain disorder
A somatoform disorder marked by complaints of severe pain with no physical cause.
Body dysmorphic disorder
A somatoform disorder characterized by intense distress over imagined abnormalities of the skin, hair, face, or other areas of the body.
Dissociative disorders
Rare conditions that involve sudden and usually temporary disruptions in a person’s memory, consciousness, or identity.
