Chapter 11- Motivation and Emotion

Question 0

Motive

Answer 0

A reason or purpose for behavior.

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The influences that account for the initiation, direction,intensity, and persistence of behavior.

Question 2

Instinct doctrine

Answer 2

A view that explains human behavior as motivated by automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses.

Question 3

Instinctive behaviors

Answer 3

Innate, automatic dispositions toward responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

The tendency for organisms to keep their physiological systems at a stable, steady level by constantly adjusting themselves in response to change.

Question 5

Drive reduction theory

Answer 5

A theory of motivation stating that motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis.

Question 6

Needs

Answer 6

Biological requirements for well-being that created by an imbalance in homeostasis.

Question 7

Drive

Answer 7

A psychological state of arousal created by an imbalance in homeostasis that prompts an organism to take action to restore the balance and reduce the drive.

Question 8

Primary drives

Answer 8

Drives that arise from basic biological needs.

Question 9

Secondary drives

Answer 9

Drives that arise through learning and can be as motivating as primary drives.

Question 10

Physiological arousal

Answer 10

A general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems.

Question 11

Arousal theory

Answer 11

A theory of motivation stating that people are motivated to behave in ways that maintain what is for them an optimal level of arousal.

Question 12

Incentive theory

Answer 12

A theory of motivation stating that behavior is directed toward attaining desirable stimuli and avoiding unwanted stimuli.

Question 13

Hunger

Answer 13

The general state of wanting to eat.

Question 14

Satiation

Answer 14

The satisfaction of a need such as hunger.

Question 15

Satiety

Answer 15

The condition of no longer wanting to eat.

Question 16

Obesity

Answer 16

A condition in which a person is severely overweight, as measured by a body mass index greater than 30.

Question 17

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 17

An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and dramatic weight loss.

Question 18

Bulimia

Answer 18

An eating disorder that involves eating massive amounts of food and then eliminating the food by self-induced vomiting or the use of strong laxatives.

Question 19

Sexual arousal

Answer 19

Physiological responses that arise from sexual contact or erotic thoughts.

Question 20

Sexual response cycle

Answer 20

The pattern of physiological arousal during and after sexual activity.

Question 21

Sex hormones

Answer 21

Chemicals in the blood of males and females that have both organizational and activational effects on sexual behavior.

Question 22

Estrogens

Answer 22

Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both men and women; more estrogens circulate in women than in men.

Question 23

Progestational hormones

Answer 23

Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both men and women, also known as progestins; more progestins circulate in women than in men.

Question 24

Androgens

Answer 24

Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream in both sexes; more androgens circulate in men than in women.

Question 25

Sexual orientation

Answer 25

The nature of a person’s enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others.

Question 26

Heterosexuality

Answer 26

Sexual motivation that is focused on members of the other sex.

Question 27

Homosexuality

Answer 27

Sexual motivation that is focused on members of both sexes.

Question 28

Achievement motivation

Answer 28

The degree to which a person establishes specific goals, cares about meeting those goals, and experiences feelings of satisfaction by doing so.

Question 29

Well-being

Answer 29

A combination or cognitive judgement of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods and emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions; also known as subjective well-being.

Question 30

Emotions

Answer 30

Transitory positive or negative experiences that are felt as happening to the self, are generated in part by cognitive appraisal of a situation, and are accompanied by both learned and innate physical responses.

Question 31

Sympathetic nervousness system

Answer 31

The subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that usually prepares the organism for vigorous activity.

Question 32

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

The subsystem of the autonomic nervous system that typically influences activity related to the protection, nourishment, and growth of the body.

Question 33

Fight-flight reaction (fight-or-flight syndrome)

Answer 33

The physical reaction initiated by the sympathetic nervous system that prepares the body to fight or to run from a threatening situation.

Question 34

Attribution

Answer 34

The process of explaining the causes of an event.

Question 35

Excitation transfer theory

Answer 35

The theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to and enhances emotional experience in an independent situation.