Chapter 16-Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Psychiatrists
Medical doctors who have completed special training in the treatment of psychological disorders.
Psychotherapy
The treatment of psychological disorders through talking and other psychological methods.
Psychologists
Among therapists, those who have completed a master’s or (usually) doctoral degree in clinical or counseling psychology and who may have received additional specialty training.
Psychoanalysis
A method of psychotherapy that seeks to help clients gain insight by recognizing and understanding unconscious thoughts and emotions.
Client-centered therapy (person-centered therapy)
A therapy that allows the client to decide what to talk about, without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist.
Unconditional positive regard (acceptance)
A therapist attitude that conveys caring for and recognition of the client as a valued person.
Empathy
The therapist’s attempt to appreciate and understand how the world looks from the client’d point of view.
Active listening (reflection)
Conveying empathy on the part of the therapist by paraphrasing a client’s statements and nothing accompanying feelings.
Congruence
Consistency between a therapist’so feelings and the therapist’s behavior toward clients.
Gestalt therapy
An active treatment designed to help clients get in touch with genuine feelings and disown foreign ones.
Behavior therapy
Treatments that use classical conditioning principles to change behavior.
Behavior modification
Treatments that use operant conditioning methods to change behavior.
Cognitive behavior therapy
Learning-based treatment methods that help clients change the way they think, as well as the way they behave.
Systematic desensitization therapy
A behavioral treatment for anxiety in which clients visualize a graduated series of anxiety-provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed.
Modeling
Demonstrating desirable behaviors as a way of teaching them to clients.
Social skills training
A method for teaching clients the behaviors they need in order to interact with others more comfortably and effectively.
Assertiveness training
A form of social skills training that focuses on teaching clients to express themselves in ways that are clear and direct.
Positive reinforcement
A therapy method that uses rewards to strengthen desirable behaviors.
Token economy programs
Systems for improving the behavior of institutionalized clients in which desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that can be exchanged for desired items or activities.
Extinction
The gradual disappearance of a contained response or operant behavior through nonreinforcement.
Flooding
An exposure technique for reducing anxiety that involves keeping a person in a feared but harmless situation.
Exposure therapy
Behavior therapy methods in which clients remain in the presence of strong anxiety-provoking stimuli until the intensity of their emotional reactions decrease.
Aversion conditioning
A method that uses classical conditioning to create a negative response to a particular stimulus.
Punishment
A method that uses operant conditioning to weaken undesirable behavior by following it with an unpleasant stimulus.
