Chapter 18 - Programming and Fading Flashcards
Prompt
An added stimulus that increases the probability that a person will make the correct response in the presence of a novel stimulus.
Tactic #3 in using the stimulus control strategy is to create new stimulus control by temporarily using PROMPTS
True
Fading
Is the temporary use of a prompt to establish a specific discrimination.
You gradually withdraw the prompt.
Your goal is for the person to discriminate without the prompt.
Fading solves a problem that may arise when teaching a discrimination.
The behavior may never occur in the presence of the SD
Fading is a particular kind of discrimination training - a kind that involves the use of a prompt.
True
Programming
The temporary use of prompts to establish a generalization. You gradually withdraw the prompts.
Your goal is for the behavior to generalize without the prompts.
Programming is necessary when you teach a generalization, but the behavior never occurs in the presence of the novel stimulus.
The procedure becomes PROGRAMMING if you reinforce the same behavior in the presence of a series of novel stimuli until it generalizes to other members of the stimulus class.
Programming uses prompts to teach generalization to a class of stimuli.
True
Fading uses prompts to establish a discrimination between two specific stimuli.
True
Programmed Instruction is a common form of programming.
It consists of a series of statements requiring a written response.
True
Programmed Instruction requires a WRITTEN RESPONSE.
- provides IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK on the accuracy of each response.
This feedback may serve as a reinforcement for correct responses.
- uses SMALL STEPS. The program asks the student to learn only a small amount of new information at one time.
True
Fading uses an existing SD as a prompt to teach a discrimination.
True
Programming also uses an existing prompt. It’s goal is to teach a generalization rather than a discrimination.
True
Shaping involves gradually changing behavior.
The stimulus situation remains the same, but the rules of reinforcement, and therefore the behaviors, are changed.
True
FADING involves gradually changing the stimulus. The behavior stays the same, but the prompt is gradually withdrawn, and the stimulus situation is changed.
True
Differential Reinforcement
Involves reinforcing one behavior and extinguishing other behaviors in the same situation.
