Chapter 18 Notes Flashcards
What are the goals of binomial nomenclature and systematics?
To organize living things into groups athat have biological meaning
How did Linnaeus group species into larger taxa?
His original classification system expanded into 7 hierarchical taxa.
What are Linnaeus’ 7 hierarchical taxa? (in order)
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Species
group of individuals capable of interbreeeding and producing fertile offspring
genus
group of similar species
taxa
the name we call the organization of living things into groups
family
group of several genera that share many similarities
order
closely related families are grouped into the next larger rank–an order
class
similar orders are grouped into the larger rank, a class.
Phylum
similar classes are grouped into phylums.
What does a phylum include?
Organisms that are different but share important characteristics.
kingdom
all multicellular animals are placed in the kingdom animalia.
What is the goal of evolutionary classification? (Also called phylogenic systematics)
To group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent
What is a cladogram?
Something that links groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors.
How are DNA sequences used in classification?
The more derived genetic characters two species share, the more recently they share a common ancestor and the more closely they are related in evolutionary terms.
