ch 34 VOCAB

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

chemical messengers

Question 2

target cells

Answer 2

cells that have receptors for a particular hormone

Question 3

exocrine glands

Answer 3

release their hormones through ducts either out of the body or directly into the digestive system.

Question 4

endocrine glands

Answer 4

release their hormones directly into the blood, which transport the secretions throughout the body

Question 5

prostaglandins

Answer 5

modified fatty acids that are produced by a wide range of cells

Question 6

pituitary gland

Answer 6

bean-sized structure that dangles on a slender stalk of tissue at the base of the brain

Question 7

releasing hormones

Answer 7

secreted into blood vessels leading to the anterior pituitary

Question 8

corticosteroids

Answer 8

hormones made in the adrenal cortex

Question 9

epinephrine

Answer 9

adrenaline

Question 10

norepinephrine

Answer 10

hormone that works with epinephrine made in the adrenal medulla

Question 11

thyroxine

Answer 11

increases the metabolic rate of cells throughout the body

Question 12

calcitonin

Answer 12

signals kidneys to reabsorb less calcium from filtrate, inhibits calcium absorption in small intestine, and promotes calcium’s absorption into bones

Question 13

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 13

increases calcium levels in the blood

Question 14

puberty

Answer 14

period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional

Question 15

testes

Answer 15

primary male reproductive organs

Question 16

scrotum

Answer 16

where the testes descend from the abdomen into an external sac called scrotum

Question 17

seminiferous tubules

Answer 17

where sperm develop

Question 18

epididymis

Answer 18

where sperm are matured and stored

Question 19

vas deferens

Answer 19

a tube where some sperm are moved into

Question 20

semen

Answer 20

combination of sperm and seminal fluid

Question 21

ovaries

Answer 21

primary reproductive organs of the female

Question 22

menstrual cycle

Answer 22

a regular sequence of events involving the ovaries, the lining of the uterus, and the endocrine system

Question 23

ovulation

Answer 23

the release of an egg from the ovary into one of the fallopian tubes

Question 24

corpus luteum

Answer 24

ruptured follicle, where the follicle turns yellow

Question 25

menstruation

Answer 25

the phase of the cycle where tissue of the uterine wall, along with blood and the unfertilized egg are discharged through the vagina.

Question 26

sexually transmitted diseases

Answer 26

diseases that spread by sexual contact

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

fertilized egg

Question 28

blastocyst

Answer 28

name of an embryo when it becomes a hallow ball of cells.

Question 29

implantation

Answer 29

when cells in thge blastocyst begin to specialize

Question 30

gastrulation

Answer 30

formation of three cell layers called the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 31

neurulation

Answer 31

first step in the development of the nervous system

Question 32

placenta

Answer 32

vital organ, connection between mother and embryo that acts as the embryo’s organ of respiration, nourishment, and excretion

Question 33

fetus

Answer 33

after eight weeks of development, the embryo is called the fetus