CH 34 study guide QUESTIONS

Question 1

how do hormones work?

Answer 1

Hormones affect almost every cell in the body by binding to specific chemical receptors on cell membranes or within cells.

Question 2

Describe the function of the thyroid gland.

Answer 2

The thyroid produces throxine, which regulates metabolism throughout the body

Question 3

descirbe the function of the pituitary gland

Answer 3

produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands and some organs

Question 4

what are prostaglandins?

Answer 4

hormonelike substances. modified fatty acids.

Question 5

what is the difference between steroid and nonsteroid hormones?

Answer 5

steroid hormones can enter the nucleus once in the cell and change the pattern of gene expression in a target cell, while nonsteroid hormones bind to receptors on cell membranes and cause the release of secondary messengers that affect cell activities

Question 6

what is the function of insulin/glucagon?

Answer 6

insulin prompts the liver to convert blood glucose to glycogen and store it. Glucagon prompts the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release it in the blood. They maintain homeostasis by keeping blood glucose levels within a narrow range

Question 7

What is the function of epinephrine/norepinephrine?

Answer 7

To increase heart rate and blood pressure. Allow an increase in oxygen intake, and stimulate the release of extra glucose. activate under fight or flight response

Question 8

what is the function of the adrenal glands?

Answer 8

to release hormones that help the body respond to stress

Question 9

what tissue makes epinephrine/nopinephrine?

Answer 9

the adrenal medulla

Question 10

what is the function of estrogen?

Answer 10

breast development, and widening of the hips

Question 11

what is the function of Luteinizing hormone? (LH)

Answer 11

stimulates cells in the testes to produce increased amounts of testosterone.

Question 12

what is the function of Follicle-stimulating hormone? (FSH)

Answer 12

stimulates the development of sperm

Question 13

What is the function of oxytocin?

Answer 13

stimulates contractions during hcildbirth. made in the hypothalamus

Question 14

what is the function of prolactin?

Answer 14

stimulates milk production in nursing mothers

Question 15

what is the function of progesterone?

Answer 15

causes a follicle to mature and thickens lining of the uterus to prepare to receive a fertilized egg. made in the gonads

Question 16

where is sperm made, stored, and how does it exit the body?

Answer 16

sperm is made in the seminiferous tubules in the testis, are stored in the epididymis, and exits the body through the penis.

Question 17

describe the structure of a sperm cell

Answer 17

a head, which contains a highly condensed nucleus; a midpiece, which is packed witrh energy-releasing mitochondria; and a tail, or flagellum, which propels the cell forward.

Question 18

describe the stages of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 18

follicular, where estrogen levels are high and a follicle is made.<br></br>ovulation, where the follicle matures and releases more and more estrogen, then ruptures, releasing an egg from the overy into one of the fallopian tubes.<br></br>luteal, where thefollicle turns yellow and is known as the corpus luteum. if not fertilied, it will degenerate.

Question 19

where is an egg fertilized?

Answer 19

in one of the fallopian tubes.

Question 20

Name the tissues that develop from each of the germ layers.

Answer 20

the stomach, panchreas, liver, intestine, lungs, and lining of digestive and respiratory system develop from the endoderm.<br></br>bone, bone marrow, heart, muscles, connective tissue, dermis, cartilage, blood develop from mesoderm<br></br>epidermis, hair, nervous system, maammary glands, lining of mouth, anus, and nostrils develop from ectoderm.