Chapter 18: Conclusion

Question 1

a mental map that tells us how to navigate the world

Answer 1

Worldview

Question 2

the worldwide community of Muslims

Answer 2

Ummah

Question 3

a separate group within Islam that embraces full application of Shariah law

Answer 3

Islamists

Question 4

the moral code of Islam outlined in the Quran and other teaching that Muslims consider authoritative.

Answer 4

Shariah law

Question 5

muslims who embrace terrorism in pursuit of jihad

Answer 5

Jihadis

Question 6

a way of seeing the world without appealing to God or religion

Answer 6

Secularism

Question 7

all phenomena can be explained through natural processes

Answer 7

Naturalism

Question 8

belief that God does not exist

Answer 8

Atheism

Question 9

an economic system advocating either gov’t control or communal ownership of the means of production

Answer 9

Socialism

Question 10

the Marxist dream of a future utopian society in which the state and economic classes no longer exist and all property is publicly shared.

Answer 10

Communism

Question 11

the belief that only the material world exists and that class struggles are the mechanism behind social and economic progress.

Answer 11

Dialectical materialism

Question 12

belief that economics ultimately determines the entire course of history

Answer 12

Economic determinism

Question 13

belief in the divine interconnected essence of reality

Answer 13

Consciousness

Question 14

the belief that everything is god

Answer 14

Pantheism

Question 15

intellectual movement that contends that human communication is not really about things but about the view and motivation of those involved in the conversation

Answer 15

Poststrucuralism

Question 16

a method of literary analysis that seeks to expose the underlying ideologies of a text

Answer 16

Deconstruction

Question 17

a single overarching interpretation or grand story of reality

Answer 17

Metanarratives

Question 18

the study of ultimate reality

Answer 18

Metaphysics

Question 19

the study of the relationship between the mind and the physical body

Answer 19

Mind/body problem

Question 20

the study of knowledge

Answer 20

Epistemology

Question 21

belief that whatever advances the proletariat and communism is morally good

Answer 21

Proletariat morality

Question 22

the belief that good is returned to those who do good and evil is returned to those who do evil.

Answer 22

Law of karma

Question 23

the belief that everything is ultimately energy and that everyone possesses the potential to achieve divine unity with the cosmos.

Answer 23

Collective consciousness

Question 24

stage at which a person purportedly meets his or her full psychological potential

Answer 24

Self-actualization

Question 25

the belief that God ordained three institutions of society family, church, state - that society functions best when each sphere is property in its own area of responsibility.

Answer 25

Sphere sovereignty

Question 26

the belief that laws are rules created by hyman authorities and that there is no inherent or necessary connection between law and morality.

Answer 26

Legal positivism

Question 27

the belief that humanity is continually progressing toward higher consciousness

Answer 27

Spiritual evolution

Question 28

What are the four world tests?

Answer 28

1.The test of reason: Can it be logically stated and defended?
2.The tests of the outer world: Is there external, corroborating evidence?
3.The test of the inner world: Does it address the everyday aspects of life?
4.The test of the real world: What happens when we apply the principles of this worldview.

Question 29

What are the worldview questions?

Answer 29

Origins: Who is God? Where did we come from?
Morality:What is the foundation of right and wrong?
Identity: What does it mean to be human?
Meaning: What is the purpose of life?
Destiny: What happens after I die?

Question 30

What do secularists put their faith in?

Answer 30

The scientific method
Naturalistic evolution
Materialism
Human reason

Question 31

What conflicts do Marxists look at?

Answer 31

The rich and poor
Religious and nonreligious
Blacks and whites
Men and women
Heterosexuals and homosexuals

Question 32

What is New Spirituality’s view of God?

Answer 32

God is eternal.
God is non-personal.
Everything is god.

Question 33

What is the Christian view of God?

Answer 33

Personal
Relational
Has created everything
Has made Himself known in general revelation.
Has made Himself known in special revelation.
Is Trinity

Question 34

Where does PM fail?

Answer 34

PM’s understanding of reality as socially constructed fails to
explain the world as it is.
○Also, the problem isn’t that God is unknowable; it is that truth is
knowable and we rebelled.

Question 35

Where does Islam fail?

Answer 35

The God of Islam is supposedly just and merciful - but you can’t be
both.
○They must abandon mercy if they abandon the Trinity.

Question 36

Where does NS fail?

Answer 36

Energy cannot think and create.
○Who is counting our karma?
○How did we get separated in the first place?

Question 37

What does Secularists believe about sociology

Answer 37

Assumes that materialism and naturalism are the starting points for
sociology.
●Three core assumptions:
○No institution is ordained by God
○Humans are inherently good; Society causes us to do what we do.
○Social life has no purpose or design

Question 38

What do Marxists believe about Sociology?

Answer 38

●Assumes that materialism and naturalism are the starting points for
sociology.
●Believe that the next stage of societal evolution will move us beyond the
misery created by capitalism

Question 39

What does NS believe about sociology

Answer 39

●Assumes that there is not individual self; only interconnected
consciousness.
●The heart of society’s problem is ignorance of higher consciousness.
●Social institutions should be structured to encourage the search for inner
truth.