Chapter 15: Politics Flashcards
the ability to do something or act in a particular way
Power
the study of community governance
Politics
the belief that human beings are inherently sinful, and government is necessary to secure peace
Sin nature view of politics
the agreement citizens enter into with a government to secure protection from those who would harm them
Social Contract
the belief that human beings are inherently good and can be perfected under the right political conditions
Pure nature view of politics
the belief that a just society should seek to redistribute its citizens’ resources equally among everyone
Distributive justice
political philosopher who advocated for redistribution of wealth
John Rawls
system of government based on respect for historical precedent, limited government, and adherence to tradition moral principles based on natural law
Political conservatism
a system of government based on the belief that individual and social ills are best ameliorated through direct government intervention
Political liberalism
the belief that political systems can be used to create economic prosperity, minimize risk, and advance society
Progressivism
a political philosophy that upholds individual liberty as that highest good based upon the principle that people should be allowed to do whatever they want as long as they do not infringe upon the rights of others
Libertarianism
the Marxist ideal of a classless and stateless utopian society in which all property is publicly shared
Communism
an economic system in which capital assets are privately owned and the prices, production, and distribution of goods and services are determined by competition within a free market
Capitalism
an economic system based upon governmental or communal ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and services
Socialism
a political system in which a highly centralized government holds the concentration of economic controls and planning.
Statism
the belief that gov’t is inherently oppressive and should therefore be abolished, giving individuals the opportunity to govern themselves
Anarchism
a society that exists without government control
Anarchy
a general distrust for any political system’s ability to alleviate social problems.
Political pessimism
a political ideology that seeks to advance the interests of particular social groups who are purported victims of social injustice because of their particular identities.
Identity politics
the censoring of language, ideas, acts, or policies that are perceived to discriminate or alienate minority social groups
Political correctness
the rule of oneself; self-government
Autarchy
a state ruled by Islam and Islamic religious leaders
Islamic theocracy
the moral and legal code that governs the lives of Muslims living within Islamic states
Sharia law
the call for warfare against anything hindering the advance of Islam
Jihad
non-Muslims living in Islamic states
Dhimmis
a tax imposed on dhimmis living in Islamic states
Jizya
the belief that God ordained certain spheres of society, such as family, church,and state, and that society functions best when each sphere is properly managing its own area of responsibility
Sphere sovereignty
the belief that decisions are best handled at the organization or society level closest to the issues or persons affected
Subsidiarity
rule by religious leaders
Theocracy
the practice of resisting a gov’t’s unjust laws
Civil disobedience
