Chapter 11: Biology

Question 1

the study of life and living organisms

Answer 1

biology

Question 2

high degree of order including one or more cells

Answer 2

organization

Question 3

adjustment when faced with physical or chemical change in the envorment

Answer 3

response to stimuli

Question 4

the ability to maintain stable internal conditions

Answer 4

homostasis

Question 5

use of energy to power life processes

Answer 5

metabolism

Question 6

grown and increase in size

Answer 6

growth and development

Question 7

production of new organisms like themselves

Answer 7

reproduction

Question 8

change experienced without change in their basic genetic characteristics

Answer 8

change through time

Question 9

a social movement advocating the genetic improvement of the human race through such practices as selective breeding, compulsory sterilization, forced abortion, and genocide.

Answer 9

eugenics

Question 10

a belief system that claims that the first speck of life emerged from nonliving matter and slowly evolved into one-celled organisms, some of which, through eons of genetic mutations and natural selection, turned into more complex organisms and ultimately into human beings.

Answer 10

evolution

Question 11

the belief that small, adaptive changes are capable of producing variations within the gene pool or a species.

Answer 11

microevolution

Question 12

the belief that small, adaptive changes are capable of accumulating over time to produce entirely new species.

Answer 12

macroevolution

Question 13

the belief that favorable traits can be passed on (or unfavorable traits eliminated) from one generation to the next strictly by chance.

Answer 13

genetic drift

Question 14

the belief that favorable traits can be passed on (or unfavorable traits eliminated) when a migratory group breeds with a native group.

Answer 14

genetic flow

Question 15

the process by which organisms better adapted for their environment tend to survive longer, reproduce, and pass along more favorable biological traits.

Answer 15

natural selection

Question 16

the process by which human beings selectively breed organisms with desirable traits to produce a line of offspring with the same desirable traits.

Answer 16

selective breeding

Question 17

a change in the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 17

mutation

Question 18

the process by which an organism or species becomes better able to survive

Answer 18

adaptation

Question 19

belief that new species arise through the process of natural selection acting over vast periods of time on change genetic mutations within organisms

Answer 19

neo-dawinism

Question 20

the belief that evolutionary changes occur over relatively quick periods of time, followed by periods of time with little or no evolutionary change.

Answer 20

punctured equilibrium

Question 21

the belief that entities don’t possess essences (i.e., a set of necessary and defining attributes); rather, and entity’s identity is thought to be the result of social construction.

Answer 21

anti-essentialism

Question 22

the belief that the cosmos and all life were brought into existence by the creative act of God.

Answer 22

special creation

Question 23

a scientific movement that posits an intelligent designer best accounts for the information, design, and complexity found in life and the cosmos.

Answer 23

intelligent design

Question 24

the belief that God created the cosmos and all life in its present form in six literal days, around six thousand years ago.

Answer 24

young age creationist

Question 25

the belief that God created the cosmos and all life in its present forms in progressive stages, over a long period of time.

Answer 25

progressive creationism

Question 26

the belief that God created the cosmos billions of years ago and then guided the process of biological evolution to produce the diversity of life seen today

Answer 26

theistic evolution

Question 27

challenges the notion that complex biological systems could have gradually evolved because without all the components functioning together complex systems don’t function

Answer 27

irreducible complexity

Question 28

the belief that humanity is continually progressing toward higher consciousness.

Answer 28

Spiritual evolution