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Earth Science ESU > Chapter 18: Air Pressure and Wind > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Air Pressure and Wind Flashcards

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1
Q

Atmospheric pressure is what?

A

The force exerted by the weight of the air above

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2
Q

Pressure decreases with what?

A

Increasing of altitude

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3
Q

What is the Millibar standard sea-level pressure?

A

mb

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4
Q

What is the standard sea-level of inches of mercury?

A

pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury

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5
Q

Two types of instruments for measuring Atmospheric Pressure?

A
  1. Barometer-
    bar= pressure
    metron= measuring
  2. Mercury Barometer- Invented by Torricelli in 1643. Uses glass tube filled w/ mercury that rises when air pressure increases
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6
Q

What is a Aneroid Barometer?

A

“without liquid”

  • Uses an expanding air chamber
  • Created b/c there was a need for smaller instrument for measuring air pressure
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7
Q

What is a Barograph?

A

A device that continuously records the aoir pressure

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8
Q

The result of horizontal differences in air pressure is called what?

A

Wind

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9
Q

The three contorls of wind?

A
  1. Pressure-Gradient Force
  2. Coriolis Effect
  3. Friction (w/ surface of earth)
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10
Q

Pressure- Gradient Force

A

Force that has both magnitude and direction

*Isolabrs- lines of equal pressure shown on weather maps
*Pressure gradient-
pressure change over distance

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11
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

Modifies wind, motion, but does not produce wind

Apparent deflection of wind direction die to earth rotation.
North hem- right
South hem- left

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12
Q

Friction (with surface of the Earth)

A

Only important near the surface

Acts to slow air movement

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13
Q

How do upper air winds generally flow?

A

blow parallel to isobars called geostophic winds

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14
Q

One of the most prominent features of the upper-level air flow is?

A

A jet stream

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15
Q

What is a cyclone?

A
  • center of low pressure
  • pressure decreases toward center of air mass
  • bring clouds and precipitation
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16
Q

In the Northern Hemisphere of a Cyclone the winds do what?

A 
Go inward (convergence)
Counterclockwise
17
Q

In the Southern Hemisphere of a Cyclone the winds do what?

A 
Go inward (convergence)
Clockwise
18
Q

What is an Anticyclone?

A

A center of high pressure
Pressure increase toward center
Associated w/ subsiding air
Usually brings fair weather

19
Q

In the Northern Hemisphere of a Anticyclone the winds do what?

A

Outward (divergence)

Clockwise

20
Q

In the Southern Hemisphere of a Anticyclone the winds do what?

A

Outward (divergence)

Counterclockwise

21
Q

The cause of underlying wind circulation causes what to happen?

A

The wind circulation to be unequal surface heating from the sun

22
Q

How many cells are their on the rotating earth?

A

Three pairs of atmospheric cells that redistribute the heat

23
Q

What are three Idealized Global Circulations?

A

1) Equatorial low pressure zone: unstable air
2) Subtropical high pressure zone: stable dry air.

3) Circulation in the Mid-Latitudes: zone of westerlies.
Complex wind pasterns. Wind interrupted by cyclones.
Create cyclone& anticyclone flow

24
Q

How are local winds produced?

A

From locally generated pressure differences that are caused bu unequal heating of earth’s surface.

25
Q

Two types of small scale winds?

A
  1. Land (night) & Sea breezes (day)

2. Mountains (night) & Valley breezes (day)

26
Q

What are the temperatures of Sea Breeze and Land Breeze during day and night times?

A

Day Time:
COOL water
WARM land

Night Time:
WARM water
COOL land

27
Q

Two Wind Measurements?

A

1) Direction- winds are labeled from where they originate.
- direction indicated by compass direction. prevailing winds usually comes from one direction.

2) Speed- often measured using a cup anemometer

28
Q

What tool gives direction and speed, but is also low-tech?

A

A Wind Stock!

29
Q

What tool is for measuring wind direction and points into the wind?

A

A Wind Vane!

cup anemometer -speed
(direction -points into wind)

30
Q

What tool is mechanically used for energy and is still used to pump water is what?

A

A Farm Windmill

Earth Science ESU (24 decks)

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