Chapter 18 Flashcards
Psychological assessment
An evaluation of the patients psychological and mental health
Psychotherapy
Professional treatment for psychological disorder through techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight
Psychodynamic Therapy
Psychological treatment based on Freudian theories in which the therapist helps the patient explore the unconscious dynamics of personality
Free association
The therapist listens while the client talks about whatever comes to mind, without any censorship or filtering
Dream Analysis
To analyze the symbolism of the dreams in an effort to probe the uncoisous thoughts of the client and interpret its significance
Insight
An understanding of the unconscious causes of the disorder
Transference
Patient unconsciously redirects feelings experienced in an important personal relationship toward the therapist
Humanistic Therapy
Psychological treatment based on the personality theories of Carl Rogers. Focuses on self realizations
Client centered therapy
an approach to treatment in which the client is helped to grow and develop as the therapist provides a comfortable, nonjudgmental environment.
Therapeutic Alliance
Relationship between the client and therapist in genuine. No barriers
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Structured Approach to treatment that attempts to reduce psychological disorders throughout systematic procedures based on cognitive and behavioural principles
Behaviour Therapy (CBT)
Psychological treatment that is based on learning
Exposure Therapy
behaviour therapy that is based on classical conditioning principle of extinction. In which people are confronted with a feared stimulus with the goal of decreasing their emotional responses to it
Flooding
A client is exposed to the source of his fear all at once
Systematic Desensitization
behavioural treatment that combines imagining or experiencing the feared object or situation with relaxation exercises
Counterconditioning
second incompatible response (relaxation; e.g., through deep breathing) is conditioned to an already conditioned response (the fear response).
Virtual reality CBT
the therapist uses computer-generated, three-dimensional, lifelike images of the feared stimulus in a systematic desensitization program.
Aversion Therapy
Type of behaviour therapy in which positive punishment is used to reduce the frequency of an undesirable behaviour
Cognitive therapy
a psychological treatment that helps clients identify incorrect or distorted beliefs that are contributing to disorder.
Eclectic Therapy
an approach to treatment in which the therapist uses whichever techniques seem most useful and relevant for a given patient.
Biomedical Therapies
Treatments designed to reduce psychological disorder by influencing the action of the CNS
Antidepressant Medications
Drugs designed to improve moods
Monamine oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
medications work by increasing the amount of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine at the synapses
Selective seatonin reuptake Inhibitors
designed to selectively block the reuptake of serotonin at the synapse, thereby leaving more serotonin available in the CNS.
Antipsychotic drugs
Drugs to treat schizophrenia
tardive dyskinesia
causes uncontrollable muscle movements, usually in the mouth area
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
medical procedure designed to alleviate psychological disorder in which electric currents are passed through the brain, deliberately triggering a brief seizure
Antianxiety Medications
Drugs that help relieve fear or anxiety
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Medical procedure designed to reduce psychological disorder that uses magnetic coil to electrically stimulate the brain
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in the hope of improving disorder
Group therapy
Psychotherapy in which clients receive psychological treatment together with others
Couples Therapy
Treatment in which two people are cohabitating, married or dating meet together with the practitioner to discuss their concerns and issues about their relationship
Family Therapy
Family meeting together with a therapist
Self help group
a voluntary association of people who share a common desire to overcome psychological disorder or improve their well-being. Example: Addiction facilities
Community Mental Health services
Psychological treatments and interventions that are distributes at the community level
Primary Prevention
all members of the community receive the treatment.
risk factors
Social, environmental and economic vulnerabilities that make it more likely than average that a given individual will develop a disorder
Teritary Prevention
Treatment such as psychotherapy or biomedical therapy that focusses on people who are already diagnosed with disorder
Outcome research
studies that assess the effectiveness of medical treatments,
Natural improvement
Possibility that people might get better over time, even without treatment
Nonspecific treatment effects
patient gets better over time simply by coming to therapy, even though it doesn’t matter what actually happens at the therapy sessions.
Placebo effect
improvements that occur as a result of the expectation that one will get better rather than from the actual effects of a treatment.
