Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Psychology
Study of mind and behaviour
Research Psychologists
Scientific methods to create new knowledge about the causes of behaviour
Psychologist- Practitioners
Use Existing research to enhance the everyday life of others
Empirical Methods
Processes of collecting and organizing data
Scientific Method
Set of Assumptions, rules and procedures that scientists use to conduct empirical research
Values
Personal statements
Facts
Objective statements proved by Empirical study
Lower level Explanations
Biological
Middle level explanations
intrapersonal
Higher levels of explanation
Cultural and social
Dualism
Mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body
Structuralism
School of psychology to indentify basic elements of psychological experience
Introspection
Attempt to create a map of the elements of consciousness
Functionalism
Evolutionary Psychology
Fitness
Extent of which having a given characteristic helps an individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate.
Psychodynamic Psychology
Understanding human behaviour that focusses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings and memories
Psychoanalysis
Processes on talk therapy and dream analysis used to help patients explore unconscious drives
Behaviour
Watson: Study of behaviour
Cognitive Psychology
Study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory and judgement
Social- Cultural Psychology
Study of how social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour
Individualistic
Valuing self and ones independence from others(Western Societies)
Behaviourism
School of psychology tat specifically focusses on behaviour itself
First Behaviourist
John B Watson
What did Ivan Pavlov do
Pavlov’s dog experiment
Found that a stimulus would produce the response of salivation in the dogs
What did Watson do
Little Albert Experiment
Watson found that exposing a child to fearful stimuli in the presence of objects that did nit themselves elicit fear could lead the child to respond with a fearful behaviour to the presence of objects
What did Buurhus Frederick Skinner
Used ideas of stimulus and response, along with the application of rewards or reinforcements to train pigeons and other animals
Social Norms
Wy of thinking, feeling or behaving that are shared by group members and perceived by them as appropriate
Culture
Common set of social norms, including religious and family values and open moral beleifs shared by the people who live in a geographical location
Collectivism
Values Interdependence and a focus on developing harmonious social relationships with others
