Chapter 16 Flashcards
Personality
The characteristic ways that people differ from one another
Personality Traits
Basic dimensions on which people differ
Criteria to characterize Personality Traits
(1) Consistency
(2) Stability
(3) Individual Differences
Lexical Hypothesis
States that all important personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that we use to describe other people.
The five factor model (The Big Five)
The Big Five: OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Opnness
The tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values feelings and behaviours
Conscientiousness
The tendency to be careful, on time for appointments, follow rules and to be hardworking
Extraversion
Tendency to be talkative, sociable, and to enjoy others. To have a dominant style
Agreeableness
To agree and go along with others rather than asserting ones own opinion and choices
Neurotism
tendency to frequently experience negative emotions such as anger, worry and sadness, as well as being interpersonally sensitive
Revision of HEXACO Model
Adds Honesty and Humility
Machiavellianism
Interested in money and power
Need for Achievement
high in need for achievement want to accomplish a lot and set high standards from themselves
Need for Cognition
Enjoy learning and the process of trying to understand new things
Authoritarianism
Believe in strict social hierarchies in which they are totally obedient to those above them `
Narcissism
personality has self love that is so strong that it results in high levels of vanity, conceit and selfishness. Have problems with empathy
Self esteem
Tendency to evaluate oneself positively. Knowing you are a person of worth
Optimism
Tendency to expect positive outcomes
Alexithymia
the inability to recognize and label emotions in oneself
Objective Tests
Made to be standardized. Has specific answers to choose from
Self Report Measures
Answering questions about yourself
high stakes testing
Situations in which test scores are used to make important decisions about individuals (e.g when applying for a job)
Self Enchantment Bias
people are motivated to ignore (or at least downplay) some of their less desirable characteristics and to focus instead on their more positive attributes.
Informant Ratings
Some other person to describe your characteristics
Facets
Specific, lower level units of personality
