Chapter 13

Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

Study of group processes: How we behave in groups and how we feel and think about one another

Question 2

Five areas of social psychology

Answer 2

Attraction
Attitudes
Peace and conflict
Social influence
Social Congnition

Question 3

Attraction

Answer 3

First Impressions, courtship, commitment, to the concepts of beauty, intimacy and evolution

Question 4

Attitudes

Answer 4

Opinions, feelings and beliefs about a person, concept or group

Question 5

Stereotyping

Answer 5

Using information shortcuts about a group to effectively navigate social situations or make decisions

Question 6

Prejudice

Answer 6

How a person feels about an individual based on their group

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

Occurs when a person is biases against an individual, simply because of the individuals membership in a social category

Question 8

Conformity

Answer 8

Being persuaded to give up our own opinions and go along with the group

Question 9

Obedience

Answer 9

Following orders or requests from people in authority

Question 10

Persuasion

Answer 10

is a common research topic that refers to the act of delivering a
particular message so that it influences a person’s behavior in a desired way.

Question 11

Social Cognition

Answer 11

Refers to how we think about the social world and how we perceive others

Question 12

Social Attribution

Answer 12

When we make educated guess about the efforts or motives of others

Question 13

Fundamental Attribution error

Answer 13

The Consistent way we attribute people’s actions to personality traits while overlooking situational influences

Question 14

Heuristic

Answer 14

Mental shortcuts that reduce complex problem solving to more simple, rule based actions

Question 15

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 15

Judging the likelihood of the object belonging to a category based on how similar it is to ones mental representation of that category

Question 16

Planning Fallacy

Answer 16

People tend to underestimate how much time it will take to complete a task

Question 17

Affective Forecasting

Answer 17

Predictions of ones future feelings

Question 18

Impact bias

Answer 18

the tendency
for a person to overestimate the intensity of their future feelings.

Question 19

Durability Bias

Answer 19

the tendency for people to overestimate how
long positive & negative events will affect them.

Question 20

Hot cognition

Answer 20

Refers to the mental processes that are influenced by desires and feelings

Question 21

need for closure

Answer 21

the desire to come to a decision, is often induced
by time constraints as well as by individual differences.

Question 22

Mood Congruent Memory

Answer 22

The tendency to recall memories similar in valence to our current mood.

Question 23

Chameleon Effect

Answer 23

Unconsciously mimicking someone else

Question 24

Implicit Attitudes

Answer 24

An attitude that a person does not verbally or overtly express

Question 25

Implicit measures of attitudes

Answer 25

infer the participant’s attitude rather than having the participant explicitly report it

Question 26

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 26

measures how quickly the participant pairs a concept with an attribute

Question 27

Evaluative Priming Task

Answer 27

measures how quickly the participant labels the valence
(i.e., positive or negative) of the attitude object when it appears immediately after a
positive or negative image.

Question 28

Obedience

Answer 28

how people react when given an order or command from someone in a
position of authority.

Question 29

Blatant Biases

Answer 29

are conscious beliefs, feelings, and behavior that people are willing
to admit, which mostly express hostility toward other groups (outgroups) while
favoring one’s own group (in-group).

Question 30

Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)

Answer 30

describes a belief that group hierarchies are
inevitable and maintain order and stability.

Question 31

Right Wing Authoritarianism

Answer 31

endorses respect for obedience/authority in
the service of group conformity.

Question 32

Subtle Biasses

Answer 32

are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but nonetheless biased,
unfair, and disrespectful to the belief in equality.

Question 33

Social Identity Theory

Answer 33

Describes the tendency to favour ones own in group over another out group

Question 34

Self Categorization Theory

Answer 34

people tend to favor the groups with people like them and disfavor the others.

Question 35

Aversive racism

Answer 35

People do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves/others

Question 36

Bystander Intervention

Answer 36

aims to understand why people do not always help.

Question 37

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 37

relying on others to define the situation and to then erroneously conclude that no intervention is necessary when help is actually
needed.

Question 38

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 38

knowing that someone else could help relieves bystanders of personal responsibility, so bystanders do not intervene.

Question 39

Kin selection

Answer 39

Refers to the favoritism shown for helping our blood relatives

Question 40

Reciprocal altruism

Answer 40

If helping someone now increases the chances that you will be helped later, then your overall chances of survival are increased.

Question 41

Negative state relief model:

Answer 41

People sometimes help in order to make themselves feel better.

Question 42

Arousal: cost–reward model:

Answer 42

When people see someone who is suffering, we vicariously experience a sympathetic arousal that is unpleasant, and we are motivated to eliminate that aversive state.

Question 43

Altruism

Answer 43

Helping that aims to improve another person’s welfares.