Chapter 12 Flashcards
Stress
Physiological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Extreme negative events may produce an extreme form of stress known as Post Traumatic stress Disorder
Symptoms of PTSD
Anxiety, sleeplessness, nightmares and social withdrawal
Who created the General Adaptation Syndrome
Hans Selye
3 phases of General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Alarm
First reaction to stress
Body releases stress hormones, including cortisol
Resistance
After a period of chronic stress, body adapts to the ongoing threat and tries to return to its normal functions
Exhaustion
Body runs out of its energy reserve. Blood sugar levels decrease, leading to decreased stress tolerance.
Body organs begin to fail, and eventually death occurs
HPA axis
A physiological response to stress involving
Hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands to secrete hormones
Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale
Measure of some everyday life events that might lead to stress
Emotion Regulation
Ability to successfully control our emotions
Stress impact on personal
When stressors are measured comprehensively, their damaging impacts
on physical and mental health are substantial.
Stress impact on socioeconomic
Differential exposure to stressful experiences can produce
gender, racial-ethnic, marital status, and social class inequalities in physical and
mental health.
Stress impact on socio-political
Stressors proliferate over the course of life and across generations,
widening health gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged group members.
Adrenaline
Harmone that increases heart rate, blood pressure and energy
Cortisol
Primary stress hormone that increases sugars in the bloodstream, enhances the brains use of glucose, and increases the availability of substances that repair tissues
Eustress
Refers to stress that is not neccesarily deliberative and could be potentially facilitate to a persons sense of well being, capacity or performance
Hardiness Theoretical model
Illustrates resilient stress response patterns in individuals and groups
Commitment
Tendency to see the world as interesting and meaningful
Control
Belief in ones ability to control or influence events
Challenge
Seeing a change and new experiences as exciting opportunities to learn and develop
Inverted U hypothesis
Stress can be growth inducing but there us a turning point when stress becomes deliberative
How can stress be viewed as
Response, stimulus and transaction
Who captured the GAS model
Hans Selye
What does the GAS model descibe
Stress is a defence mechanism
Stress follows the three stages of alarm, resistance and exhaustion
If the stress is prolonged or severe, it could result in diseases of adaptation or even death
Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping (TTSC)
Presents stress as a product of a transaction between person (including multiple systems: Cognitive, physiological, affective, psychological and neurological) and their complex environment
Primary Appraisal
Involves determining whether the stressor poses a threat
Secondary Appraisal
Involves the individuals evaluation of the resources or coping stratergies at their disposal for addressing any perceived threats
Reappraisal
involves continually reappraising both the nature of the stressor and the
resources available for responding to the stressor.
Internal Locus of Control
achievements and outcomes are believed to be determined by a person’s own decisions and efforts.
External Locus of Control
achievements and outcomes are believed to be determined by fate, luck, or other.
Self efficacy
Extent or strength of ones belief in ones own ability to complete tasks and reach goals
Stress Related Growth
a dispositional response to stress that enables the individual to see opportunities for growth as opposed to threat or debilitation.
Thriving
Being (better off after adversity)
Biopsychosocial Model of Health
posits that biology, psychology, and social factors are just as important in the development of disease as biological causes (e.g., germs, viruses).
Resilience
What keeps us protected from disease and alive longer?
Five Factors of protecting our health
Coping
Control and Self Efficacy
Social Relationships
Dispositions and emotions
Stress Management
Problem Foused Coping
actively addressing the event that is causing stress in an effort to solve the issue at hand.
Emotion Focused Coping
regulates the emotions that come with stress.
Social Integration
describes the number of social roles that you have as well as the lack of isolation.
Type A behaviour
Being competitive, impatient, hostile, and time urgent. This pattern is associated with double the risk of heart disease as compared with Type B Behavior.
Biofeedback
a technique where the individual is shown bodily information that is
not normally available to them, and then taught strategies to alter this signal.
Health Beviours
Behaviours that can improve or harm your health
Behavioural Medicine
occupations might include jobs in occupational therapy, rehabilitation, or preventative medicine.
Positive Psychology
It focuses on measuring aspects of the human condition that lead to happiness,
fulfillment, and flourishing.
Six core virtues
courage, justice, humanity, temperance, transcendence and
wisdom.
Three strengths of positive Psychology
Forgiveness
Gratitude
Humility
Forgiveness
Essential to harmonious long term relationships between individuals
Gratitude
is a feeling of appreciation or thankfulness in response to receiving a
benefit.
