Chapter 17 The Urinary System

Question 1

What are the two main regions of the kidney?

Answer 1

Renal cortex and renal medulla

Question 2

Describe the structure of a nephron.

Answer 2

The nephron is the microscopic unit of the kidney. Its function is to produce urine.

Question 3

What is the role of filtration in the kidney?

Answer 3

Fluid, electrolytes, and wastes from metabolism are filtered from the blood and enter the nephron.

Question 4

What are the three basic processes that occur in the nephron?

Answer 4

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 5

How do ADH and aldosterone affect urine output?

Answer 5

ADH decreases the amount of urine by making collecting tubules permeable to water, letting water be reabsorbed from them. Aldosterone stimulates the tubules to reabsorb sodium salts at a faster rate, letting water be retained.

Question 6

What is anuria? Polyuria?

Answer 6

Anuria is the absence of urine; polyuria is an unusually large amount of urine.

Question 7

Through what tube does urine leave the kidney?

Answer 7

Ureter

Question 8

What structural characteristics of the bladder allow it to expand to hold urine?

Answer 8

Elastic fibers and involuntary muscle fibers

Question 9

Through what structure does urine pass from the bladder to the outside of the body?

Answer 9

Urethra

Question 10

What is incontinence?

Answer 10

Condition where the patient voids urine involuntarily.

Question 11

The outermost portion of the kidney is known as the:

a. medulla
b. papilla
c. pelvis
d. pyramid
e. cortex

Answer 11

e. cortex

Question 12

The saclike structure that surrounds the glomerulus is the:

a. renal pelvis
b. calyx
c. bowman’s capsule
d. cortex
e. none of the above

Answer 12

c. bowman’s capsule

Question 13

The renal corpuscle is made up of the:

a. bowman’s capsule and proximal convoluted tubule
b. glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule
c. glomerulus and distal convoluted tubule
d. bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

Answer 13

d. bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

Question 14

Which of the following is not performed by the kidneys?

a. maintenance of homeostasis
b. removal of wastes from the blood
c. production of ADH
d. removal of electrolytes from the blood

Answer 14

c. production of ADH

Question 15

What percentage of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed?

a. twenty
b. forty
c. seventy-five
d. eighty-five
e. ninety-nine

Answer 15

e. ninety-nine

Question 16

What is the glomerular filtration rate?

a. 1.25 mL/min
b. 12.5 mL/min
c. 125.0 mL/min
d. 1250.0 mL/min
e. none of the above

Answer 16

c. 125.0 mL/min

Question 17

Glucose is reabsorbed into the:

a. loop of henle
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. glomerulus
e. none of the above

Answer 17

b. proximal convoluted tubule

Question 18

Reabsorption does not occur in the:

a. loop of henle
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. collecting tubules
e. calyx

Answer 18

e. calyx

Question 19

The greater the amount of salt intake, the:

a. less salt is excreted in the urine
b. more salt is reabsorbed
c. more salt excreted in the urine
d. none of the above

Answer 19

c. more salt excreted in the urine

Question 20

Which of the following substances is secreted by diffusion?

a. sodium ions
b. certain drugs
c. ammonia
d. hydrogen ions
e. potassium ions

Answer 20

c. ammonia

Question 21

Which of the following statements about ADH is not true?

a. it is stored by the pituitary gland
b. it makes the collecting tubules less permeable to water
c. it makes the distal convoluted tubules more permeable
d. it is produced by the hypothalamus

Answer 21

b. it makes the collecting tubules less permeable to water

Question 22

Which of the following statements about aldosterone is not true?

a. it is secreted by the adrenal cortex
b. it is a water retaining hormone
c. it is a salt retaining hormone
d. all of the above are correct

Answer 22

d. all of the above are correct

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of the kidneys?

a. the right kidney is lower than the left
b. they are retroperitoneal
c. the rate of blood flow through the kidneys is among the highest in the body
d. all of the above are true

Answer 23

d. all of the above are true

Question 24

Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus make up the:

a. renal tubule
b. renel corpuscle
c. loop of henle
d. collecting tubule

Answer 24

b. renel corpuscle

Question 25

The kidneys serve the body by a. maintaining homeostasis b. excreting toxins and waste products containing nitrogen c. regulating the proper balance between body water content and salt d. all of the above

Answer 25

d. all of the above

Question 26

Urine formation begins with: a. glomerular filtration b. the proximal convoluted tubule c. the distal convoluted tubule d. the loop of henle

Answer 26

a. glomerular filtration

Question 27

A well-known sign of diabetes mellitus is: a. proteinuria b. oliguria c. glycosuria d. anuria

Answer 27

c. glycosuria

Question 28

A lithotriptor is used for: a. diabetes mellitus b. inconsistence c. renel calculi d. oliguria

Answer 28

c. renel calculi

Question 29

Aldosterone: a. assists in controlling the kidney tubules' excretion of salt b. stimulates the tubules to reabsorb sodium salts at a faster rate c. decreases tubular water reabsorption d. is a salt-and water-losing hormone

Answer 29

b. stimulates the tubules to reabsorb sodium salts at a faster rate

Question 30

Control of urine volume is maintained primarily by the: a. bowman's capsule b. loop of henle c. ADH from the posterior pituitary gland d. kidney tubule

Answer 30

c. ADH from the posterior pituitary gland

Question 31

Which is not part of the kidney? a. cortex b. trigone c. medulla d. pyramids

Answer 31

b. trigone

Question 32

Which of the following is not a primary process in urine formation? a. active transport b. filtration c. reabsorption d. secretion

Answer 32

a. active transport