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BSF - Body Structure and Function > Chap 12 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chap 12 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

0
Q

What coverings does the heart have? What is the heart’s lining called?

A

The epicardium covers the surface of the heart. The endocardium lines the heart chambers.

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1
Q

What are the functions of the atria and ventricles of the heart?

A

Atria are often called receiving chambers because blood enters the heart through veins that open into these upper cavities. Eventually blood is pumped from the heart into arteries the exit from the ventricles therefore the ventricles are sometimes referred to as the discharging chambers of the heart.

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2
Q

What are systole and diastole of the heart?

A

Contraction of the heart is cold systole and relaxation is called diastole.

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3
Q

What structure is the natural “pacemaker” of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node or SA node

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4
Q

What information is in an electrocardiogram?

A

The graphic record the hearts electrical activity.

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5
Q

What are two major circulations of the body?

A

Pulmonary circulation which involves movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Systemic circulation which involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole

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6
Q

What are the two main types of blood vessels in the body? How are they different?

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and toward capillaries.
Veins carry blood towards the heart and away from the capillaries.

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7
Q

Can you describe three major layers of a large blood vessel

A

Tunica intima which is an inner layer of and endothelial cells.
Tunica media which is a smooth muscle layer and elastic tissue. It is thicker and arteries and thinner in veins.
Tunica externa is made of connective tissue fibers. It is thinner than Tunica media in arteries and thickest layer in the veins.

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8
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are microscopic exchange vessels.

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9
Q

How do systemic and pulmonary circulation’s differ?

A

In systemic circulation blood flows from the left undergo of the heart through blood muscles told parts of the body and back to the right atrium of the heart.
And pulmonary circulation in his blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle and then to the pulmonary artery to lung arterioles and capillaries.

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10
Q

What is hepatic portal circulation?

A

Blood flow through the liver

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11
Q

How is fetal circulation different from adult circulation?

A

Circulation in the body before birth differs from circulation and earth because the fetus must secure oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood instead of from its own lungs and digestive organs.

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12
Q

How does the blood pressure gradient explain blood flow

A

Blood flows down a block or two from arteries were blood pressure is highest, into arterioles, where it is somewhat lower into capillaries where it is still lower and so on.
Blood pressure gradient is the difference between two blood pressures.

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13
Q

Name four factors that influence blood pressure

A

Blood volume, the strength of each heart contraction, heart rate, and thickness of blood

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14
Q

Does a person’s blood pressure stay the same all the time?

A

No

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15
Q

Where are the places on your body that can likely feel your pulse?

A

Superficial temporal artery, facial artery, carotid artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis.

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16
Q

Severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen

A

Angina pectoris

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17
Q

Maine and largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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18
Q

Pointed end of a conical structure

A

Apex

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19
Q

Small branch of an artery

A

Arteriole

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20
Q

Vessel carrying blood away from the heart

A

Artery

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21
Q

Fiber is in the heart that really a nerve andpulls from the AV node to the ventricles

A

Atrialventricular (AV) bundle (of his)

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22
Q

Small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue

A

Atrioventricular node

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23
Q

two valves that separate the atrial Chambers from the ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valve

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24
Q

Chamber or cavity

A

Atrium

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26
Q

One of the two A.V. valves located between the left atrium and ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

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27
Q

The difference between two blood pressures in the body

A

Blood pressure gradient

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28
Q

Tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules

A

Capillary

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29
Q

Each complete heartbeat including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles

A

Cardiac cycle

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30
Q

Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle permanent

A

Cardiac output

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31
Q

Any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus

A

Cardiac vein

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32
Q

Combined external cardiac massage an artificial respiration

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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33
Q

Supplies our bodies transportation needs

A

Cardiovascular system

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34
Q

Venice blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large peripheral veins

A

Central Venous pressure

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35
Q

Group of string like structures that a test AV valves to the wall of the heart

A

Chordal tendineae

36
Q

The first order you to branch off the aorta supplies blood to the myocardium

A

Coronary artery

37
Q

Severely restricted coronary bloodflow bins are taken from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage

A

Coronary bypass surgery

38
Q

Delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium

A

Cornary circulation

39
Q

Area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

40
Q

The electrical activity of the triggers a contraction of the heart muscle

A

Depolarization

41
Q

Relaxation of the heart and interposed between its contractions opposite of the systole

A

Diastole

42
Q

Blood pressure in arteries during diastole of the heart

A

Diastolic pressure

43
Q

Connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery alone most blood to bypass the fetus developing lungs

A

Ductus arteriosus

44
Q

The continuation of the umbilical vein that sums blood returning from the placenta past the fetuses developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava

A

Ductus venosus

45
Q

Graphic record of the hearts action potential’s

A

Electrocardiogram

46
Q

Obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstream

A

Embolism

47
Q

Inflammation of the lining of the heart

A

Endocarditis

48
Q

Squamous epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the entire circulatory system in the vessels lymphatic system

A

Endothelium

49
Q

Then layer very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart

A

Endocardium

50
Q

The interlayer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart also called the visceral pericardium

A

Epicardium

51
Q

Sons blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium allowing most blood to bypass the babies developing lungs

A

Foramen ovals

52
Q

The route of blood flow through the liver

A

Hepatic portal circulation

53
Q

Abnormally high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

54
Q

Also known as the bicuspid valve located between the left atrium and ventricle

A

Mitral valve

55
Q

Muscle of the heart

A

Myocardium

56
Q

Deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria

A

P-wave

57
Q

When the pericardium becomes inflamed

A

Pericarditis

58
Q

Membrane that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

59
Q

Resistance to bloodflow encountered in the peripheral arteries

A

Peripheral resistance

60
Q

Anchors the developing fetus to the uterus and provides a bridge for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and developing baby

A

Placenta

61
Q

Smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillary

A

Precapillary sphincter

62
Q

Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

63
Q

Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the long and returning to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary circulation

64
Q

An evening that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs are left atrium

A

Pulmonary vein

65
Q

Alternating expansion and recoil of the arterial walls produced by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the ventricles ; travels with a wave away from the heart

A

Pulse

66
Q

Conductive cardiac muscle cell located in the walls of the ventricles

A

Purkinje fiber

67
Q

Deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of the polarization of the ventricles

A

QRS complex

68
Q

Phase begins just before the relaxation phase of the cardiac muscle activity

A

Repolarization

69
Q

Valve located between either the ventricle chamber or the large artery that carries blood away from the heart

A

Semilunar valve

70
Q

The hearts pacemaker ;where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts ;located in the wall of the right atrium me at the opening of the superior vena cava

A

Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

71
Q

Device for measuring blood pressure in the arteries of the limb

A

Sphygmomanometer

72
Q

The amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat

A

Stroke volume

73
Q

Blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium

A

Systemic circulation

74
Q

Contraction of the heart muscle

A

Systole

75
Q

Force with which blood pushes against artery walls one ventricles contract

A

Systolic pressure

76
Q

Deflection on an electro cardiogram the cruise was repolarization of the ventricles

A

T wave

77
Q

Stationary blood clot

A

Thrombus

78
Q

The valve located between the right atrium and ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

79
Q

The outermost layer found in blood vessels

A

Tunica externa

80
Q

Endothelium that lines the blood vessels

A

Tunica intima

81
Q

The muscle middle layer found in the blood vessels

A

Tunica media

82
Q

Two small arteries that carry oxygen poor blood from the developing fetus to the placenta

A

Umbilical artery

83
Q

Factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing attention of smooth muscles in the vessel walls

A

Vasamotor mechanism

84
Q

Vessel carrying blood toward the heart

A

Vein

85
Q

Two large veins called the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava

A

Vena cava

86
Q

Small cavity such as the pumping chambers of the heart

A

Ventricle

87
Q

Any of the small blood vessel that collect blood from capillaries and joined to form veins

A

Venule

BSF - Body Structure and Function (12 decks)

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