Chap 12 Cardiovascular System

Question 0

What coverings does the heart have? What is the heart’s lining called?

Answer 0

The epicardium covers the surface of the heart. The endocardium lines the heart chambers.

Question 1

What are the functions of the atria and ventricles of the heart?

Answer 1

Atria are often called receiving chambers because blood enters the heart through veins that open into these upper cavities. Eventually blood is pumped from the heart into arteries the exit from the ventricles therefore the ventricles are sometimes referred to as the discharging chambers of the heart.

Question 2

What are systole and diastole of the heart?

Answer 2

Contraction of the heart is cold systole and relaxation is called diastole.

Question 3

What structure is the natural “pacemaker” of the heart?

Answer 3

Sinoatrial node or SA node

Question 4

What information is in an electrocardiogram?

Answer 4

The graphic record the hearts electrical activity.

Question 5

What are two major circulations of the body?

Answer 5

Pulmonary circulation which involves movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Systemic circulation which involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole

Question 6

What are the two main types of blood vessels in the body? How are they different?

Answer 6

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and toward capillaries.
Veins carry blood towards the heart and away from the capillaries.

Question 7

Can you describe three major layers of a large blood vessel

Answer 7

Tunica intima which is an inner layer of and endothelial cells.
Tunica media which is a smooth muscle layer and elastic tissue. It is thicker and arteries and thinner in veins.
Tunica externa is made of connective tissue fibers. It is thinner than Tunica media in arteries and thickest layer in the veins.

Question 8

What are capillaries?

Answer 8

Capillaries are microscopic exchange vessels.

Question 9

How do systemic and pulmonary circulation’s differ?

Answer 9

In systemic circulation blood flows from the left undergo of the heart through blood muscles told parts of the body and back to the right atrium of the heart.
And pulmonary circulation in his blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle and then to the pulmonary artery to lung arterioles and capillaries.

Question 10

What is hepatic portal circulation?

Answer 10

Blood flow through the liver

Question 11

How is fetal circulation different from adult circulation?

Answer 11

Circulation in the body before birth differs from circulation and earth because the fetus must secure oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood instead of from its own lungs and digestive organs.

Question 12

How does the blood pressure gradient explain blood flow

Answer 12

Blood flows down a block or two from arteries were blood pressure is highest, into arterioles, where it is somewhat lower into capillaries where it is still lower and so on.
Blood pressure gradient is the difference between two blood pressures.

Question 13

Name four factors that influence blood pressure

Answer 13

Blood volume, the strength of each heart contraction, heart rate, and thickness of blood

Question 14

Does a person’s blood pressure stay the same all the time?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Where are the places on your body that can likely feel your pulse?

Answer 15

Superficial temporal artery, facial artery, carotid artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis.

Question 16

Severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen

Answer 16

Angina pectoris

Question 17

Maine and largest artery in the body

Answer 17

Aorta

Question 18

Pointed end of a conical structure

Answer 18

Apex

Question 19

Small branch of an artery

Answer 19

Arteriole

Question 20

Vessel carrying blood away from the heart

Answer 20

Artery

Question 21

Fiber is in the heart that really a nerve andpulls from the AV node to the ventricles

Answer 21

Atrialventricular (AV) bundle (of his)

Question 22

Small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 22

Atrioventricular node

Question 23

two valves that separate the atrial Chambers from the ventricles

Answer 23

Atrioventricular valve

Question 24

Chamber or cavity

Answer 24

Atrium

Question 26

One of the two A.V. valves located between the left atrium and ventricle

Answer 26

Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

Question 27

The difference between two blood pressures in the body

Answer 27

Blood pressure gradient

Question 28

Tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules

Answer 28

Capillary

Question 29

Each complete heartbeat including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles

Answer 29

Cardiac cycle

Question 30

Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle permanent

Answer 30

Cardiac output

Question 31

Any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus

Answer 31

Cardiac vein

Question 32

Combined external cardiac massage an artificial respiration

Answer 32

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Question 33

Supplies our bodies transportation needs

Answer 33

Cardiovascular system

Question 34

Venice blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large peripheral veins

Answer 34

Central Venous pressure

Question 35

Group of string like structures that a test AV valves to the wall of the heart

Answer 35

Chordal tendineae

Question 36

The first order you to branch off the aorta supplies blood to the myocardium

Answer 36

Coronary artery

Question 37

Severely restricted coronary bloodflow bins are taken from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage

Answer 37

Coronary bypass surgery

Question 38

Delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium

Answer 38

Cornary circulation

Question 39

Area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium

Answer 39

Coronary sinus

Question 40

The electrical activity of the triggers a contraction of the heart muscle

Answer 40

Depolarization

Question 41

Relaxation of the heart and interposed between its contractions opposite of the systole

Answer 41

Diastole

Question 42

Blood pressure in arteries during diastole of the heart

Answer 42

Diastolic pressure

Question 43

Connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery alone most blood to bypass the fetus developing lungs

Answer 43

Ductus arteriosus

Question 44

The continuation of the umbilical vein that sums blood returning from the placenta past the fetuses developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava

Answer 44

Ductus venosus

Question 45

Graphic record of the hearts action potential's

Answer 45

Electrocardiogram

Question 46

Obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstream

Answer 46

Embolism

Question 47

Inflammation of the lining of the heart

Answer 47

Endocarditis

Question 48

Squamous epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the entire circulatory system in the vessels lymphatic system

Answer 48

Endothelium

Question 49

Then layer very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart

Answer 49

Endocardium

Question 50

The interlayer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart also called the visceral pericardium

Answer 50

Epicardium

Question 51

Sons blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium allowing most blood to bypass the babies developing lungs

Answer 51

Foramen ovals

Question 52

The route of blood flow through the liver

Answer 52

Hepatic portal circulation

Question 53

Abnormally high blood pressure

Answer 53

Hypertension

Question 54

Also known as the bicuspid valve located between the left atrium and ventricle

Answer 54

Mitral valve

Question 55

Muscle of the heart

Answer 55

Myocardium

Question 56

Deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria

Answer 56

P-wave

Question 57

When the pericardium becomes inflamed

Answer 57

Pericarditis

Question 58

Membrane that surrounds the heart

Answer 58

Pericardium

Question 59

Resistance to bloodflow encountered in the peripheral arteries

Answer 59

Peripheral resistance

Question 60

Anchors the developing fetus to the uterus and provides a bridge for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and developing baby

Answer 60

Placenta

Question 61

Smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillary

Answer 61

Precapillary sphincter

Question 62

Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to lungs

Answer 62

Pulmonary artery

Question 63

Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the long and returning to the left atrium

Answer 63

Pulmonary circulation

Question 64

An evening that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs are left atrium

Answer 64

Pulmonary vein

Question 65

Alternating expansion and recoil of the arterial walls produced by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the ventricles ; travels with a wave away from the heart

Answer 65

Pulse

Question 66

Conductive cardiac muscle cell located in the walls of the ventricles

Answer 66

Purkinje fiber

Question 67

Deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of the polarization of the ventricles

Answer 67

QRS complex

Question 68

Phase begins just before the relaxation phase of the cardiac muscle activity

Answer 68

Repolarization

Question 69

Valve located between either the ventricle chamber or the large artery that carries blood away from the heart

Answer 69

Semilunar valve

Question 70

The hearts pacemaker ;where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts ;located in the wall of the right atrium me at the opening of the superior vena cava

Answer 70

Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

Question 71

Device for measuring blood pressure in the arteries of the limb

Answer 71

Sphygmomanometer

Question 72

The amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat

Answer 72

Stroke volume

Question 73

Blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium

Answer 73

Systemic circulation

Question 74

Contraction of the heart muscle

Answer 74

Systole

Question 75

Force with which blood pushes against artery walls one ventricles contract

Answer 75

Systolic pressure

Question 76

Deflection on an electro cardiogram the cruise was repolarization of the ventricles

Answer 76

T wave

Question 77

Stationary blood clot

Answer 77

Thrombus

Question 78

The valve located between the right atrium and ventricle

Answer 78

Tricuspid valve

Question 79

The outermost layer found in blood vessels

Answer 79

Tunica externa

Question 80

Endothelium that lines the blood vessels

Answer 80

Tunica intima

Question 81

The muscle middle layer found in the blood vessels

Answer 81

Tunica media

Question 82

Two small arteries that carry oxygen poor blood from the developing fetus to the placenta

Answer 82

Umbilical artery

Question 83

Factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing attention of smooth muscles in the vessel walls

Answer 83

Vasamotor mechanism

Question 84

Vessel carrying blood toward the heart

Answer 84

Vein

Question 85

Two large veins called the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava

Answer 85

Vena cava

Question 86

Small cavity such as the pumping chambers of the heart

Answer 86

Ventricle

Question 87

Any of the small blood vessel that collect blood from capillaries and joined to form veins

Answer 87

Venule