Chap 12 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What coverings does the heart have? What is the heart’s lining called?
The epicardium covers the surface of the heart. The endocardium lines the heart chambers.
What are the functions of the atria and ventricles of the heart?
Atria are often called receiving chambers because blood enters the heart through veins that open into these upper cavities. Eventually blood is pumped from the heart into arteries the exit from the ventricles therefore the ventricles are sometimes referred to as the discharging chambers of the heart.
What are systole and diastole of the heart?
Contraction of the heart is cold systole and relaxation is called diastole.
What structure is the natural “pacemaker” of the heart?
Sinoatrial node or SA node
What information is in an electrocardiogram?
The graphic record the hearts electrical activity.
What are two major circulations of the body?
Pulmonary circulation which involves movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Systemic circulation which involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole
What are the two main types of blood vessels in the body? How are they different?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and toward capillaries.
Veins carry blood towards the heart and away from the capillaries.
Can you describe three major layers of a large blood vessel
Tunica intima which is an inner layer of and endothelial cells.
Tunica media which is a smooth muscle layer and elastic tissue. It is thicker and arteries and thinner in veins.
Tunica externa is made of connective tissue fibers. It is thinner than Tunica media in arteries and thickest layer in the veins.
What are capillaries?
Capillaries are microscopic exchange vessels.
How do systemic and pulmonary circulation’s differ?
In systemic circulation blood flows from the left undergo of the heart through blood muscles told parts of the body and back to the right atrium of the heart.
And pulmonary circulation in his blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle and then to the pulmonary artery to lung arterioles and capillaries.
What is hepatic portal circulation?
Blood flow through the liver
How is fetal circulation different from adult circulation?
Circulation in the body before birth differs from circulation and earth because the fetus must secure oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood instead of from its own lungs and digestive organs.
How does the blood pressure gradient explain blood flow
Blood flows down a block or two from arteries were blood pressure is highest, into arterioles, where it is somewhat lower into capillaries where it is still lower and so on.
Blood pressure gradient is the difference between two blood pressures.
Name four factors that influence blood pressure
Blood volume, the strength of each heart contraction, heart rate, and thickness of blood
Does a person’s blood pressure stay the same all the time?
No
Where are the places on your body that can likely feel your pulse?
Superficial temporal artery, facial artery, carotid artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis.
Severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen
Angina pectoris
Maine and largest artery in the body
Aorta
Pointed end of a conical structure
Apex
Small branch of an artery
Arteriole
Vessel carrying blood away from the heart
Artery
Fiber is in the heart that really a nerve andpulls from the AV node to the ventricles
Atrialventricular (AV) bundle (of his)
Small mass of specialized cardiac muscle tissue
Atrioventricular node
two valves that separate the atrial Chambers from the ventricles
Atrioventricular valve
Chamber or cavity
Atrium
One of the two A.V. valves located between the left atrium and ventricle
Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
The difference between two blood pressures in the body
Blood pressure gradient
Tiny vessels that connect arterioles and venules
Capillary
Each complete heartbeat including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles
Cardiac cycle
Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle permanent
Cardiac output
Any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus
Cardiac vein
Combined external cardiac massage an artificial respiration
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Supplies our bodies transportation needs
Cardiovascular system
Venice blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large peripheral veins
Central Venous pressure
Group of string like structures that a test AV valves to the wall of the heart
Chordal tendineae
The first order you to branch off the aorta supplies blood to the myocardium
Coronary artery
Severely restricted coronary bloodflow bins are taken from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage
Coronary bypass surgery
Delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium
Cornary circulation
Area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium
Coronary sinus
The electrical activity of the triggers a contraction of the heart muscle
Depolarization
Relaxation of the heart and interposed between its contractions opposite of the systole
Diastole
Blood pressure in arteries during diastole of the heart
Diastolic pressure
Connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery alone most blood to bypass the fetus developing lungs
Ductus arteriosus
The continuation of the umbilical vein that sums blood returning from the placenta past the fetuses developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava
Ductus venosus
Graphic record of the hearts action potential’s
Electrocardiogram
Obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstream
Embolism
Inflammation of the lining of the heart
Endocarditis
Squamous epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the entire circulatory system in the vessels lymphatic system
Endothelium
Then layer very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart
Endocardium
The interlayer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart also called the visceral pericardium
Epicardium
Sons blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium allowing most blood to bypass the babies developing lungs
Foramen ovals
The route of blood flow through the liver
Hepatic portal circulation
Abnormally high blood pressure
Hypertension
Also known as the bicuspid valve located between the left atrium and ventricle
Mitral valve
Muscle of the heart
Myocardium
Deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria
P-wave
When the pericardium becomes inflamed
Pericarditis
Membrane that surrounds the heart
Pericardium
Resistance to bloodflow encountered in the peripheral arteries
Peripheral resistance
Anchors the developing fetus to the uterus and provides a bridge for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and developing baby
Placenta
Smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillary
Precapillary sphincter
Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to lungs
Pulmonary artery
Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the long and returning to the left atrium
Pulmonary circulation
An evening that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs are left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Alternating expansion and recoil of the arterial walls produced by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the ventricles ; travels with a wave away from the heart
Pulse
Conductive cardiac muscle cell located in the walls of the ventricles
Purkinje fiber
Deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of the polarization of the ventricles
QRS complex
Phase begins just before the relaxation phase of the cardiac muscle activity
Repolarization
Valve located between either the ventricle chamber or the large artery that carries blood away from the heart
Semilunar valve
The hearts pacemaker ;where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts ;located in the wall of the right atrium me at the opening of the superior vena cava
Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
Device for measuring blood pressure in the arteries of the limb
Sphygmomanometer
The amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat
Stroke volume
Blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium
Systemic circulation
Contraction of the heart muscle
Systole
Force with which blood pushes against artery walls one ventricles contract
Systolic pressure
Deflection on an electro cardiogram the cruise was repolarization of the ventricles
T wave
Stationary blood clot
Thrombus
The valve located between the right atrium and ventricle
Tricuspid valve
The outermost layer found in blood vessels
Tunica externa
Endothelium that lines the blood vessels
Tunica intima
The muscle middle layer found in the blood vessels
Tunica media
Two small arteries that carry oxygen poor blood from the developing fetus to the placenta
Umbilical artery
Factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing attention of smooth muscles in the vessel walls
Vasamotor mechanism
Vessel carrying blood toward the heart
Vein
Two large veins called the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava
Vena cava
Small cavity such as the pumping chambers of the heart
Ventricle
Any of the small blood vessel that collect blood from capillaries and joined to form veins
Venule
