Chap 1 An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body

Question 1

the study of the structure of an organism and relationship of its parts.

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

the study of functions living organisms and their parts

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

a systematic approach to discovery

Answer 3

scientific method

Question 4

List the order of increasing complexity the levels of organization of the body (from least complex to most)

Answer 4

Chemical, cells, tissues, organs, systems.

Question 5

atoms and molecules

Answer 5

chemical level

Question 6

smallest “living” unit of structure and function in our body

Answer 6

cells

Question 7

many cells that act together to perform a common function

Answer 7

tissues

Question 8

a group of several different kinds arranged in a way that allow them to act as a unit to perform a special function

Answer 8

organs

Question 9

an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to perform complex functions for the body

Answer 9

systems

Question 10

the body is in an erect or standing posture with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The head and feet are also pointed forward

Answer 10

anatomical position

Question 11

List the principal directional terms and sections (planes) used in describing the body and the relationship of body parts to one another.

Answer 11

Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, deep, saggital, frontal, and transverse.

Question 12

toward the head

Answer 12

superior

Question 13

toward the feet

Answer 13

inferior

Question 14

in front of

Answer 14

anterior

Question 15

in back of

Answer 15

posterior

Question 16

toward the midline of the body

Answer 16

medial

Question 17

toward the side of the body or away from the midline

Answer 17

lateral

Question 18

toward or nearest the trunk of the body

Answer 18

proximal

Question 19

away from or farthest from the trunk of the body

Answer 19

distal

Question 20

nearer the surface

Answer 20

superficial

Question 21

farther from the body surface

Answer 21

deep

Question 22

lengthwise plane running from front to back

Answer 22

sagittal

Question 23

lengthwise plane running from side to side

Answer 23

frontal

Question 24

horizontal or crosswise plane

Answer 24

transverse

Question 25

List the four abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 25

1. right upper 2. right lower 3. left upper 4. left lower

Question 26

List the nine abdominopelvic regions

Answer 26

``` Upper abdominopelvic regions ( right and left hypochondriac regions and epigastric region) Middle regions ( right and left lumbar regions and umbilical region Lower regions (right and left iliac regions and hypogastric region) ```

Question 27

List the two major cavities of the body and the subdivisions of each

Answer 27

The two major body cavities are called the ventral and dorsal cavities. The ventral is subdivided into the thoracic cavity, the mediastinum, and the pleural cavities. The dorsal is subdivided into the abdominal cavity, the pelvic cavity, and the abdominapelvic cavity

Question 28

Discuss and contrast the axial and the appendicular subdivisions of the body.

Answer 28

Axial portion consists of the head, neck, and torso, or trunk. Appendicular portion includes the upper and lower extremities.

Question 29

Explain the meaning of the term homeostasis.

Answer 29

Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the internal environment.