Chap 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards
How does the lymphatic system return fluid to the blood?
The fluid, called lymph, enters a network of tiny blind-ended tubes distributed in the tissue spaces. These tiny vessels, called lymphatic capillaries, permit excess tissue fluid and some other substances such as dissolved protein molecules to leave the tissue spaces. Thus the lymph returns to the blood from the tissues spaces via the capillaries.
What is the role of lymph nodes in the body?
They create white blood cells and they filter (defend) microorganisms.
Why is thymus important for immunity?
It is the source of lymphocytes before birth and is important in the maturation or development of specialized lymphocytes that leave the thymus and circulate to the spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic tissues.
What is the difference between specific immunity and nonspecific immunity?
Nonspecific immunity is maintained by mechanisms that attack an irritant or abnormal substance that threatens the internal environment; it is general in nature. Specific immunity confers a very specific protection against certain types of invading bacteria or other toxic materials.
Can you outline the changes that occur in the body’s inflammatory response?
Bacteria enter the body, tissue damage occurs, mediators are released, and there is an attraction of WBCs, increased blood flow, and increased vascular permeability. This results in increased numbers of leukocytes and mediators at the site of tissue damage. Bacteria are contained, destroyed, and phagocytized. If bacteria remain, additional mediators are activated, which stimulates the process again. If no bacteria remain, the tissue heals.
What are antibodies? How do they work?
They are protein compounds that are normally present in the body. They combine with specific compounds such as antigens to remove them.
What are complement proteins? How do they work?
They are a group of protein enzymes that are normally present in an inactive state in the blood. They work to form specialized proteins to destroy foreign cells that have been targeted.
What are phagocytes? How do they work?
Cells that are derived from the bone marrow that carry on phagocytosis, or ingestion and digestion, of foreign cells or particles
What is the role of B cells in immunity?
B cells function indirectly to produce humoral immunity.
What is the role of T cells in immunity?
T cells function directly to produce cell-mediated immunity.
What are memory cells?
Memory cells “remember” their ancestor-activated B cell’s encounter with its appropriate antigen. They stand ready to produce antibody that will combine
BLANK is the fluid that leaves the blood capillaries and is not returned to the blood?
Lymph
Lymph from about three fourths of the body drains into the BLANK.
Thoracic duct
Lymph from the upper right extremity and right side of the head drains into the BLANK.
Right lymphatic duct
The enlarged, pouchlike structure in the abdomen that serves as a storage area for the lymph is called the BLANK.
Cisterna Chyli
The function of the BLANK is to filter and clean the lymph.
Lymph Nodes
The many lymphatic vessel that enter the lymph node are called the BLANK.The single vessel leaving the lymph node is called the BLANK vessel.
Afferent, Efferent
The thymus gland is the site of maturation for these WBC’s: BLANK. It produces the hormone BLANK.
T Lymphocytes (T cells), thymosin
The three pairs of tonsils are the BLANK tonsils, the BLANK tonsils, and the BLANK tonsils
Palatine, pharyngeal, lingual
The largest lymphoid organ is the BLANK.
Spleen
The signs of BLANK are heat, redness, pain, and swelling.
Inflammation
BLANK kills threatening cells by drilling holes in their plasma membrane, which disrupts the sodium and water balance.
Complement fixation
Macrophages were originally BLANK that migrated into the tissues.
Monocytes
The immunity that develops against polio after receiving a polio vaccine is an example of:
a. active natural immunity
b. passive natural immunity
c. active artificial immunity
d. passive artificial immunity
c. active artificial immunity
The immunity that is given to the fetus or newborn by the immune system of the mother is an example of:
a. active natural immunity
b. passive natural immunity
c. active artificial immunity
d. passive artificial immunity
b. passive natural immunity
The immunity that comes from the injection of antibodies made by another individual’s immune system is an example of:
a. active natural immunity
b. passive natural immunity
c. active artificial immunity
d. passive artificial immunity
d. passive artificial immunity
The immunity that develops after a person has had a disease is an example of:
a. active natural immunity
b. passive natural immunity
c. active artificial immunity
d. passive artificial immunity
a. active natural immunity
produces antibodies
B
some develop into plasma cells
B
the main cell involved in cell-mediated immunity
T
the main cell involved in humoral immunity
B
develops in the thymus gland
T
moves to the site of the antigen and releases cell poison
T
divides rapidly into clones once it is activated
B
releases a substance that attracts macrophages
T
some of these cells develop into memory cells
B
