Chap 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards
How does the lymphatic system return fluid to the blood?
The fluid, called lymph, enters a network of tiny blind-ended tubes distributed in the tissue spaces. These tiny vessels, called lymphatic capillaries, permit excess tissue fluid and some other substances such as dissolved protein molecules to leave the tissue spaces. Thus the lymph returns to the blood from the tissues spaces via the capillaries.
What is the role of lymph nodes in the body?
They create white blood cells and they filter (defend) microorganisms.
Why is thymus important for immunity?
It is the source of lymphocytes before birth and is important in the maturation or development of specialized lymphocytes that leave the thymus and circulate to the spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic tissues.
What is the difference between specific immunity and nonspecific immunity?
Nonspecific immunity is maintained by mechanisms that attack an irritant or abnormal substance that threatens the internal environment; it is general in nature. Specific immunity confers a very specific protection against certain types of invading bacteria or other toxic materials.
Can you outline the changes that occur in the body’s inflammatory response?
Bacteria enter the body, tissue damage occurs, mediators are released, and there is an attraction of WBCs, increased blood flow, and increased vascular permeability. This results in increased numbers of leukocytes and mediators at the site of tissue damage. Bacteria are contained, destroyed, and phagocytized. If bacteria remain, additional mediators are activated, which stimulates the process again. If no bacteria remain, the tissue heals.
What are antibodies? How do they work?
They are protein compounds that are normally present in the body. They combine with specific compounds such as antigens to remove them.
What are complement proteins? How do they work?
They are a group of protein enzymes that are normally present in an inactive state in the blood. They work to form specialized proteins to destroy foreign cells that have been targeted.
What are phagocytes? How do they work?
Cells that are derived from the bone marrow that carry on phagocytosis, or ingestion and digestion, of foreign cells or particles
What is the role of B cells in immunity?
B cells function indirectly to produce humoral immunity.
What is the role of T cells in immunity?
T cells function directly to produce cell-mediated immunity.
What are memory cells?
Memory cells “remember” their ancestor-activated B cell’s encounter with its appropriate antigen. They stand ready to produce antibody that will combine
BLANK is the fluid that leaves the blood capillaries and is not returned to the blood?
Lymph
Lymph from about three fourths of the body drains into the BLANK.
Thoracic duct
Lymph from the upper right extremity and right side of the head drains into the BLANK.
Right lymphatic duct
The enlarged, pouchlike structure in the abdomen that serves as a storage area for the lymph is called the BLANK.
Cisterna Chyli
