Chapter 15 The Digestive System Flashcards
What three processes does food undergo in the body?
a. digestion, absorption, and metabolism
b. digestion, transportation, and metabolism
c. absorption, metabolism, and transportation
d. metabolism, transportation, and elimination
a. digestion, absorption, and metabolism
The process of altering the chemical and physical composition of food so that it can be absorbed and used by the body cells is known as
a. circulation.
b. digestion.
c. excretion.
d. absorption.
b. digestion.
The innermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall is called the
a. mucosa.
b. muscularis.
c. serosa.
d. submucosa.
a. mucosa.
The surface of the tongue is covered with a rough elevation called
a. papillae.
b. philtrum.
c. tubercle.
d. lingual frenulum.
a. papillae.
The following are the pairs of salivary glands except
a. parotids.
b. submandibulars.
c. sublinguals.
d. submucosa.
d. submucosa.
Twenty deciduous teeth appear early in life and are later replaced by
a. 23 permanent teeth.
b. 13 permanent teeth.
c. 32 permanent teeth.
d. 30 permanent teeth.
c. 32 permanent teeth.
The muscle contractions that propel food down the gastrointestinal tract are called
a. deglutition.
b. mastication.
c. peristalsis.
d. segmentation.
c. peristalsis.
The _____________ is a muscular, mucus-lined tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
a. trachea
b. fundus
c. esophagus
d. pylorus
c. esophagus
The sphincter muscle that controls the opening of the esophagus into the stomach is the
a. pyloric sphincter.
b. anal sphincter.
c. fundus sphincter.
d. cardiac sphincter.
d. cardiac sphincter.
The lining of the stomach is thrown into folds called
a. gastric glands.
b. gastric pits.
c. rugae.
d. submucosa.
c. rugae.
The superior division of the small intestine is the
a. ileum.
b. jejunum.
c. duodenum.
d. colon.
c. duodenum.
The intestinal lining has circular folds that have many tiny projections called
a. cilia.
b. flagella.
c. gastric pits.
d. villi.
d. villi.
This structure permits material to pass from the small intestine into the large intestine.
a. cardiac sphincter
b. anal canal
c. sigmoid colon
d. ileocecal valve
d. ileocecal valve
The large gland in the body that secretes bile is the
a. pancreas.
b. gallbladder.
c. stomach.
d. liver.
d. liver.
The hepatic duct merges with cystic duct from the gallbladder, forming the
a. common hepatic duct.
b. common bile duct.
c. common cystic duct.
d. none of these are correct.
b. common bile duct.
The small intestine is anchored to the posterior of the abdominal cavity by the
a. serosa.
b. submucosa.
c. mesentery.
d. parietal peritoneum.
c. mesentery.
The function of the gallbladder is to
a. concentrate and store lipids.
b. concentrate and store proteins.
c. concentrate and store bile.
d. concentrate and absorb bile.
c. concentrate and store bile.
The organ that is composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue is the
a. liver.
b. gallbladder.
c. pancreas.
d. small intestine.
c. pancreas.
The end products of fat digestion are
a. monosaccharides.
b. amino acids.
c. fatty acids and glucose.
d. fatty acids and glycerol.
d. fatty acids and glycerol.
Saliva contains the enzyme
a. salivary lipase.
b. trypsin.
c. pepsin.
d. salivary amylase.
d. salivary amylase.
The ejection of bile from the gallbladder is controlled by this hormone.
a. CCK
b. GIP
c. secretin
d. gastrin
a. CCK
Which of the following is not a main process of mechanical digestion?
a. mastication
b. deglutition
c. defecation
d. absorption
d. absorption
Where does protein digestion begin?
a. duodenum
b. stomach
c. mouth
d. ileum
b. stomach
The process by which nutrients go from the inside of the intestines into the circulating fluids of the body is called
a. digestion.
b. absorption.
c. defecation.
d. secretion.
b. absorption.
After fatty acids and glycerol diffuse into the absorptive cells of the gastrointestinal tract, where are they secreted?
a. villi
b. microvilli
c. lacteals
d. capillaries
c. lacteals
What is the alimentary canal?
A hollow, irregular tube that opens at both ends, taking in food and excreting the waste
What kinds of processing does food undergo in the body
Digestion, absorption, and metabolism
Describe the layers the digestive tract’s wall.
Mucosa (tough stratified abrasion resistant epithelium); submucosa (connective tissue contains many blood vessels and nerves); muscularis (two layers of muscle tissue that controls peristalsis); serosa (outermost covering)
What is the uvula? What does it do?
The uvula is the cone-shaped structure that hangs down from the center of the soft palate. It prevents any food or liquid from entering the nasal cavities above the mouth.
What are the four major types of teeth?
Incisors, canines, premolars, molars
What digestive enzyme is found in saliva?
Salivary amylase
What roles do the pharynx and esophagus play in the digestive tract?
Pharynx is located behind the nasal cavities and mouth. It allows food to pass from the oral cavity to the esophagus. Esophagus is a tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
What is chyme?
Chyme is the semisolid mixture that food is broken down into in the stomach.
How does a sphincter muscle help the stomach perform its function?
Sphincter muscles assist in holding food in the place where they should be at any given time.
What are the main divisions of the stomach?
Fundus, body, and pylorus
What are the main divisions of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
What is bile and where does it come from?
Bile is a substance that assists in breaking down or emulsifying fats. It is secreted from the liver.
What is the role of the gallbladder?
The gallbladder concentrates and stores bile produced in the liver. It secretes the bile into the small intestines once food enters the duodenum.
Is the pancreas an exocrine gland or an endocrine gland?
It is an exocrine gland that secretes pancreatic juice into ducts and an endocrine gland that secretes hormones into the blood.
What is the role of the large intestine?
Completes digestion, absorption of certain nutrients, produces vitamin K and some of the B complex vitamins
Name the divisions of the large intestine.
Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Where is the appendix?
It is directly attached to the cecum.
What are mesenteries? What is their function?
It is an extension between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum. It encloses most of the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall.
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion breaks the food into tiny particles through chewing, swallowing, and defecation. Chemical digestion consists of numerous chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes that break down large, nonabsorbable food molecules into smaller absorbable molecules.
In what form are carbohydrates absorbed into the bloodstream?
Monosaccharides
What must happen to fat before it can be chemically digested?
It must be emulsified by bile, and then pancreatic lipase splits up the fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol to be absorbed.
