Chapter 16 - Psychological and Biological Treatments Flashcards
Psychotherapy
a psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioural, and interpersonal problems and improve their quality of life
_________ are more likely to seek psychological treatment
women
Racial and ethnic minorities are ______ likely to seek mental health services than White Canadians
less
Paraprofessionals
person with no professional training who provides mental health services
Effective therapists are…
warm, direct, establish positive working relationships
Clinical Psychologist
Ph. D./Psy. D., M.A. - works in private practice, hospitals, schools, community, medical, or academic settings
Psychiatrist
M.D. or D.O. - physicians, private practice, hospitals, medical, or academic settings
Counselling Psychologist
Ph.D, Ed.D, M.A., M.S., M.C. - works in university clinics, mental health centres, academic settings
School Psychologist
Ph.D.,Psy.D, Ed.D, Ed.S., M.A., M.S., M.Ed. - works in schools, assessment, prevention programs, teachers, students, and parents
Psychodynamic Therapies
treatments inspired by classical psychoanalysis and influenced by Freud’s techniques
Insight Therapies
psychotherapies, including psychodynamic, humanistic, and group approaches, with the goal of expanding awareness or insight
Humanistic Therapies
therapies that emphasize the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive
3 Shared Beliefs of Psychodynamic Therapists:
- believe cause of abnormal behaviours stems from traumatic childhood experiences
- strive to analyze avoided feelings, fantasies, life patterns, past events, and relationships
- believe that insight into unconscious material unlocks the cause of symptoms
What is the goal of psychoanalysis according to Freud?
decrease guilt and frustration and make the unconscious conscious
Free Association
technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any sort
Interpretation
explanations of the unconscious bases of dreams, beliefs, and behaviours
Dream Analysis
task is to determine the relation of the dream to the clients life - and symbolic significance
Resistance
attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions, and impulses
Transference
projecting intense, unrealistic feelings
Working Through
process of tackling problems head on
Individuation (Jung)
the integration of opposing aspects of the personality into a harmonious self
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts, and life transitions
IPT has proven effective in treating…
depression, substance abuse, eating disorders
Person-Centred Therapy
therapy centring on the client’s goals and ways of solving problems
How do person-centred therapists ensure a positive outcome?
- therapist is authentic, genuine, and reveals their own reactions
- expression of unconditional positive regard
- shows empathetic understanding
How can you use reflection to communicate empathy?
mirror the clients feelings
Motivational interviewing is helpful in treating ______-related problems
alcohol
Gestalt Therapy
therapy that aims to integrate different and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self
Gestalt
an organized whole
Group Therapy
therapy that treats more than one person at a time
Self-help Groups
don’t include a mental health professional and are composed of peers who share a similar problem
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
a self-help program based on 12 steps that provides social support for achieving sobriety
____% of people drop out of AA in the first 3 months
68%
The AA philosophy…
revolves around the idea of a higher power controlling our behaviours
The Behavioural View of Alcoholism…
assumes drinking is a learned behaviour
Controlled Drinking
drinking in moderation
Abstinence Violation Effect
idea that negative feelings about a slip can lead to continued drinking
Relapse Prevention
assumes people will have a slip and teaches them not to feel ashamed, guilty, or discouraged
Strategic Family Interventions
family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication